Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food

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EFFECT OF WATER EXTRACT OF ALOE VERA ON GERMINATION AND EARLY GROWTH OF DIANTHUS BARBATUS
(Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2022)
Svjetlana Zeljković
;
Lidija Milojević
;
Emina Mladenović
;
Margarita Davitkovska
;
Zvezda Bogevska
The Sweet William - Dianthus barbatus (L.) is a plant from Caryophyllaceae family. The germination and growth of the plant are important phenological stages, and plant survival depends on them. The seed that has better germination energy also has better vigor, so it is more resistant to stressful conditions during germination. The aim of this study was to examine the possibilities and effectiveness of water extracts of plant species Aloe vera on the seed germination and early growth of Sweet William seedlings - Dianthus barbatus (L.). The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka and consisted of control (distilled water) and treatment with water extract of Aloe vera. Water extracts were prepared from fresh leaves and experiments were conducted in Petri dishes at 5, 10, and 15%. The temperature in the laboratory was constant at 20°C and the light regime was set to 16h day/8h night. Water extracts of Aloe vera at a concentration of 5% had a positive effect on the seed germination and germination energy, while a concentration of 15% had a positive effect on shoot and root length, and fresh mass of Dianthus barbatus seedlings.
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IMPACT OF THE DIFFERENT VEGETATION SPACES ON THE YIELD COMPONENTS OF SEEDLESS WATERMELON
(Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2022)
Rukie Agic
;
Gordana Popsimonova
;
Zvezda Bogevska
;
Margarita Davitkovska
;
Besnik Zendeli
Recently seedless watermelon production is becoming popular, especially for export, and has significant potential for larger area production. Although the production practices for growing seedless watermelons are similar to those for the production of seeded watermelons, they still differ in certain views, which should be put into focus. The aim of this research is to determine the best vegetation space for the plants (the use of different row and inter-row distances) on the components of yield. For this purpose, an experiment was set up using seedlings from the seedless hybrid Sinrubita F1. The experiment was set up in the Skopje region with a randomized block design, with three variants in four replications. The treatments were as follows: Treatment 1 (control) (3x1.65 m, 2000 plants ha-1); Treatment 2 (3x1.30 m, 2500 plants ha-1) and Treatment 3 (3x0.96 m, 3500 plants ha-1). Several parameters were analyzed: the average number of fruits per plant, the weight of fruit (kg), the diameter of the fruit (cm), the fruit length (cm), the fruit index, and the total yield (t/ha). The biggest fruit (6.97 kg), fruit diameter (21.77 cm), and fruit length (24.29 cm) were determined in the control treatment while the highest fruit number (4.38) and yield (65.05 t ha-1) were obtained in the treatment 2. The fruits of the three treatments had a slightly elliptical shape.
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LENGTH OF VEGETATION PERIOD AND FRUIT SET IN PEPPER GROWN ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF MULCH
(Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2022)
Zvezda Bogevska
;
Gordana Popsimonova
;
Rukie Agic
;
Margarita Davitkovska
;
Daniela Trajkoska
Mulching is a common practice of covering the soil to make favorable conditions for plant growth, development, and efficient crop production. The study aimed to determine the influence of different mulching materials on some parameters of pepper Kapija type grown in an open field. The experiment was set in the village of Kutretino near Demir Hisar, during the season of 2018. The treatments were as follows: no mulch (bare soil) - as a control treatment, straw mulch, black film mulch, white on black (double face) film mulch, and red film mulch. A single experimental plot was 15 m2 with a density of 100 plants per plot organized in a complete randomized block design in four replications. During the vegetation, there was monitoring of some phenological stages. In addition, on ten plants per replication, the number of flowers and the number of fertilized flowers were recorded. The earlier botanical maturity was in straw mulch and black foil mulch or 153 days after germination. The latest was in red foil mulch or 161 days after germination. The largest number of flowers had the plants from the black foil mulch an average of 11.83 flowers, out of which 10.95 were fertilized, which means that 92.56% of the flowers set fruit. Plants on red mulch had the least number of flowers, 7.33 on average, of which 5.73 were fertilized, leading to 78.17% of fruit set. White on black mulch had the highest percentage of fruit set (93.7%) because of favoring condition.
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EVALUATION OF FREQUENTLY GROWN LEAK LANDRACES IN NORTH MACEDONIA
(Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2022)
Zvezda Bogevska
;
Gordana Popsimonova
;
Rukie Agic
;
Margarita Davitkovska
;
Tome Timov
In North Macedonia, there is a long tradition of growing leek. The most grown are those with long shaft (pseudostem) or kamus type of leeks. The study aimed to evaluate three local landraces of leek with long shafts (pseudostem): Kumanovski, Veleski, and Strumicki. The experiment was set up in the village of Dobrejci near Strumica, during the season of 2019. A single experimental plot was 12 m2 with a density of 400 plants per plot organized in a complete randomized block design in four replications. During the vegetation period the plant height (cm), the shaft thickness (pseudostem) (mm), leaves number in the shaft (pseudostem), the plant mass (g), length of the shaft (pseudostem) (cm), the shaft mass (pseudostem) (g) and total yield (t ha-1) were measured. According to the results, the thickest shaft (pseudostem) (32.38 mm), the highest number of leaves in the shaft (pseudostem) (11.78), the highest plant mass (460.26g), the highest shaft mass (pseudostem) (285.53 g) and total yield (95.18 t ha-1) were obtained from Kumanovski leek landrace. The highest plants (87.74 cm) had Veleski leek landrace while the longest shaft (pseudostem) (36.35 cm) was observed in the Strumicki leek landrace. It can be concluded that even grown in different climate conditions from its origin, the Kumanovski leek landrace obtained the best results. Further research on these landraces should be taken into consideration.
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LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA L.) - THE NEGLECTED VEGETABLE IN THE MACEDONIAN PRODUCTION AND TRADE
(Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2022)
Gordana Popsimonova
;
Rukie Agic
;
Zvezda Bogevska
;
Margarita Davitkovska
Although vegetable production plays a significant role with over 30% of the total crop production output in the Republic of North Macedonia, only a couple of vegetables are treated with due diligence: tomato, pepper (most of it intended for processing), cucumber, and cabbage. Fifteen other vegetables can be found in different data sources, but lettuce is not among them. The only source about the cultivation area and quantity of production is the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Water Economy, but this information defers largely from the one that can be obtained from FAOstat. In both cases, the values are negligible low, i.e., below 20 ha in total. In this paper, we have tried to present the realistic status and trends of lettuce import, export, and consumption over ten years and deduct from there the volume and the origin of lettuce production. The results indicate that over 80% percent of the lettuce that is sold on the markets comes from uncertain cultivation practices, especially concerning food safety standards. Considering that lettuce has a tendency to accumulate nitrates, along with microbiological threats, it makes the whole picture even more complex. We propose some soil-less cultivation methods that can be easily adopted by the growers and result in more efficient and safe production.
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PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES ON ORNAMENTAL FEATURES AND THE USE OF BASIL AND PEPPERMINT
(Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, 2022)
Barbara Jurin
;
Boris Dorbić
;
Margarita Davitkovska
;
Emilija Friganović
Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) is an herbaceous annual species. For sale, basil is grown as fresh, dried, frozen or in the form of essential oils. In addition to the above-mentioned, basil is also an ornamental species that is mostly used as a potted plant or aromatic species cultivated in private gardens. The stem is herbaceous, erect and 40-60 cm in height. Flowering begins in the middle of the sixth month and lasts about two months. Mentha x piperita L. (peppermint) is an ornamental, perennial, medicinal, aromatic and honey-bearing species with a branched stem of 40 to 100 cm in height. It is used fresh, dried, or in the form of essential oils. The peppermint leaves are of dark green in colour, serrated, pointed, opposite positioned and oval in shape. The plant blooms from June to October. The paper also contains results of a survey whose goal was to investigate the perception and attitudes of respondents about the ornamental characteristics, and also the applications of different cultivars and varieties of basil and peppermint. The survey was conducted during the first half of 2022. When it comes to ornamental characteristics, respondents do prefer cultivars with a "more special" appearance of leaves and flowers. The decorative characteristics and application of basil and peppermint plants were regarded with very good marks. Maintaining the species in private gardens is mostly perceived as easy.
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Influence of Microbiological Preparation Bacillomix on the Germination of Challistephus chinensis L.
(University of Banja Luka Faculty of Agriculture University City Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A 78000 Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, B&H, 2023)
Svjetlana Zeljković
;
Marina Pekez
;
Jelena Davidović Gidas
;
Margarita Davitkovska
;
Emina Mladenović
The use of biostimulant create better conditions for the growth and development of the germ and germination. Bacillomix is 100% natural biostimulant and soil improver with increased content of live bacterial cells obtained from 12 powerful Bacillus sp. strains. The use of this preparation has many positive effects: stimulate of germination, rooting and growth of plants; improve the microbiological structure of the soil; keep the plants healthy through the growing season; increases the plants resistant to stress; supplies the plant with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of microbiological preparation Bacillomix on the germination and germination energy of the seeds Challistephus chinensis L. In the experiment were totally 480 seeds of this species. The experiment was set up in the laboratory on Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka and consisted of control (K) and treatment with microbiological preparation Bacillomix in two concentrations (T1 100% and T2 10%). After 7 days germination energy and after 14 days germination of the seeds were tested. The highest average values of the germination energy were recorded in the treatment plants (73.75% T1, 64.38% T2), while the lowest values were recorded in control plants (60%). The highest average germination values were also recorded in treatment (78.755% T1, 73.75% T2), and the lowest in the control group (70%). The highest average values of hypocotyl height, root length and fresh weight were recorded also in the treatment plants (1.47 cm T1 and 1.01 cm T2; 4.59 cm T1 and 3.28 cm T2; 0.91 g T1 and 0.65 g T2) while the lowest values were recorded in control plants (0.99 cm; 2.87 cm; 0.61 g). It can be concluded that the use of a natural biostimulant is recommended for better germination and better morphological development of plants.
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Exploring food shopping, consumption and waste habits in North Macedonia during the COVID-19 pandemic
(Elsevier BV, 2022-08)
Zvezda Bogevska
;
Sinisa Berjan
;
Hamid El Bilali
;
Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari
;
Adriana Radosavac
Household food waste (FW) has huge environmental and socio-economic impacts. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a survey was carried out in North Macedonia to explore perceptions and attitudes towards FW at the household level. A self-administered questionnaire was available online from 15th of May until June 30, 2020 and the sample size was 754. A very high percentage of the respondents (94.16%) expressed a high awareness of food waste and declared to worry about this issue trying to avoid food waste as much as possible. Moreover, the results showed that 41.38% of the respondents think to waste a low amount of food while 27.98% state not to throw almost anything. Meanwhile, 52.39% of the respondents believe that they do not throw away food that is still consumable. About 22.54% of them think to throw less than 250 g followed by those who think to throw between 250 and 500 g (18.04%). The survey showed that the most wasted food groups are cereals and bakery products, fruit, vegetables, and milk and dairy products. Concerning economic value, most of the respondents (53.18%) believe to spend less than 5 EUR on food wasted while 42.04% of them think to spend between 5 and 25 EUR. Regarding shopping behaviour during COVID-19, only about a half of the respondents (48.28%) stated to go shopping like they used to do. The respondents declared that they have bought during COVID-19 more vegetables (72.30%) and fruits (68.60%), which might imply that they are moving towards healthier diets. It seems that food wastage has increased during the COVID-19 for about a third of the respondents (34.70%). The survey showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected food purchase, wastage and consumption behaviours in North Macedonia. Such a finding should inform future policies and initiatives relating to agriculture, food and health during the recovery period.
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Influence of mulching materials on pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ssp. macrocarpum var. longum) characteristics
(2021)
Zvezda Bogevska
;
Gordana Popsimonova
;
Rukie Agic
;
Margarita Davitkovska
The experiment was conducted in order to determine the influence of different mulching materials on some parameters of pepper kapiya type grown in an open field. This type of pepper is widely grown in North Macedonia in open field. It is specifically used for processing with more than half of raw materials volume. The experiment was carried out in the village of Kutretino near Demir Hisar, during the season of 2018. The treatments were as follows: no mulch (bare soil) – as control treatment, straw mulch, black film mulch, white on black (double face) film mulch and red film mulch. A single experimental plot was 15 m2 with density of 100 plants per plot organized in complete randomized block design in four replications. During the vegetation period the plant height (cm), number of marketable fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), fruit mass (g) and total yield (t ha-1) were measured. According to the results the highest plants (58.8 cm), the highest number of marketable fruits per plant (8.45), the longest and widest fruits (16.00 and 8.25 cm, respectively), the highest fruit mass (113.79 g) and the highest yield (63.15 t ha-1) were obtained from plants grown with black foil as mulching material. Taking into consideration the results, it can be concluded that mulching with black film gave the best results for the most of the examined parameters and can be widely used for pepper kapiya type production in open fields.
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Exploring food shopping, consumption and waste habits in North Macedonia during the COVID-19 pandemic
(2022)
Zvezda Bogevska
;
Sinisa Berjan
;
Hamid El Bilali
;
Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari
;
Adriana Radosavac
Household food waste (FW) has huge environmental and socio-economic impacts. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a survey was carried out in North Macedonia to explore perceptions and attitudes towards FW at the household level. A self-administered questionnaire was available online from 15th of May until June 30, 2020 and the sample size was 754. A very high percentage of the respondents (94.16%) expressed a high awareness of food waste and declared to worry about this issue trying to avoid food waste as much as possible. Moreover, the results showed that 41.38% of the respondents think to waste a low amount of food while 27.98% state not to throw almost anything. Meanwhile, 52.39% of the respondents believe that they do not throw away food that is still consumable. About 22.54% of them think to throw less than 250 g followed by those who think to throw between 250 and 500 g (18.04%). The survey showed that the most wasted food groups are cereals and bakery products, fruit, vegetables, and milk and dairy products. Concerning economic value, most of the re spondents (53.18%) believe to spend less than 5 EUR on food wasted while 42.04% of them think to spend between 5 and 25 EUR. Regarding shopping behaviour during COVID-19, only about a half of the respondents (48.28%) stated to go shopping like they used to do. The respondents declared that they have bought during COVID-19 more vegetables (72.30%) and fruits (68.60%), which might imply that they are moving towards healthier diets. It seems that food wastage has increased during the COVID-19 for about a third of the re spondents (34.70%). The survey showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected food purchase, wastage and consumption behaviours in North Macedonia. Such a finding should inform future policies and initiatives relating to agriculture, food and health during the recovery period.

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