Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food

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Author: search.filters.author.Dragutin A. DjukicLanguage: search.filters.language.English

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    Item type:Publication,
    Novel functional plant-based yoghurt designed and analysed using conventional and AI techniques
    (Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2025-06)
    Monika Stojanova
    ;
    Marina T. Stojanova
    ;
    Aziz Şatana
    ;
    Dragutin A. Djukic
    This research uses supercritical water extraction to extract bioactive compounds from orange peel and the edible mushroom Suillus granulatus. The goal was to create a new functional almond yoghurt enriched with these extracts while determining its nutritional, antioxidant, and sensory properties. Moreover, the goal was also to determine the accuracy and reliability of digital sensor analysis using a combination of several software programs. The precise fermentation process was successfully employed during the laboratory production of almond yoghurt enriched with extracts from orange peel and S. granulatus. Subcritical water extraction, known as "green extraction," has proven to be an excellent method for extracting valuable components from food waste, such as orange peel. The three types of almond yoghurt produced exhibited remarkably high protein content (ranging from 13.51% to 14.88%) and fat content (between 9.13% and 9.39%), significantly exceeding the protein and fat levels found in traditional yoghurt made from cow's milk. Among the samples, the yoghurt enriched with orange peel extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in both tests conducted (P < 0.05) compared to the other samples. Additionally, the yogurt enriched with orange peel (Sample 2) showed significantly greater facial expressions, including lip press (10.70), lip suck (2.26), surprise (3.57), and joy (8.71), in comparison to Samples 1 and 3 (P < 0.05). This production process will be adapted for industrial-scale production, integrating digitalisation and emphasising the importance of precise fermentation to ensure the production of high-quality, functional plant-based substitutes for dairy products.
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    New Formulation for Organic Mineral Nutrition of Plums to Achieve Higher Yield and Better Chemical Composition of Leaves and Fruits
    (Applied Fruit Science, Springer, 2024-05)
    Marina T. Stojanova
    ;
    Dragutin A. Djukic
    ;
    Monika Stojanova
    ;
    Aziz Şatana
    The impact of foliar fertilization on the yield and chemical composition of the ‘Stenlej’ plum cultivar grown in North Macedonia was studied with multiple experimental variants as follows: 1. Control (untreated); 2. NPK+Ever green with Me (55% organic matter, 2% w/w Mg, 2% w/w Fe, 2% w/w Zn, 2% w/w Mn, 0.5% w/w Cu, 0.5% w/w B); 3. NPK+Biolinfa (34% organic matter 3% N, 5.80% K2O); 4. NPK+Oligomix (1.20% B, 0.10% Cu, 4% Fe, 1.50% Mn, 0.10% Mo, 2% Zn). Before setting up the experiment, soil agrochemical analyses were performed, and it was concluded that fertility was good in terms of nitrogen but medium in terms of phosphorus and potassium. Foliar fertilizing has a positive influence on the yield and chemical composition of leaves and plum fruits. The highest (p < 0.05) average plum fruit yield (18,255 kg∙ha−1) was determined in variant 2. The same variant was characterized by the highest (p < 0.05) average content of nitrogen (3.10%), phosphorus (0.35%) and potassium (2.15%) in plum leaves and plum fruits (3.40% N, 1.35% P2O5, 3.87% K2O).