Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food

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Farmers’ Participation in Modern Supply Chains: The Case of Mandarin Profitability in Punjab-Pakistan
(MDPI AG, 2022-11-07)
Mazhar, Rabia
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Xuehao, Bi
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Viira, Ants-Hannes
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Stamenkovska, Ivana Janeska
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<jats:p>In developing countries, supply chains are rapidly transforming. However, smallholder farmers, in particular, have experienced mixed impacts in inclusion and exclusion from modern supply chains (MSC). Therefore, by taking Pakistan’s mandarin industry as a case, this study aims to analyze the farmers’ efficiency and inclusiveness in modern supply chains and compare them across the farm size categories, i.e., small, medium, and large. For that purpose, cross-sectional data from 300 farmers were collected to test the posit objectives. The empirical investigation was made using the endogenous treatment effect model and the propensity score matching approach. Findings show that large farmers prefer to participate in MSC, driven by contractors, processors or exporters. Conversely, the smallholders are more inclined to participate in the traditional supply chains (TSCs), driven by village vendors, local retailers/consumers, middlemen, and traditional fruit and vegetable markets. The results also revealed a positive connection between efficiency and farmers’ inclusion in the MSC. Orchard size, education, off-farm income, and extension services positively impact profitability. In terms of an increase in farmers’ profitability, the efficiency improvement can benefit the resource-poor smallholders who make up 74% of the total farmers in the sample. Therefore, these results are noteworthy for devising policy actions to facilitate smallholder inclusion in the modern agri-food supply chains to alleviate rural poverty and ensure farmers’ wellbeing.</jats:p>
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An attempt to develop ecotourism in an unknown area: the case of Nehbandan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021-01-04)
Ghorbani, Amir
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Mousazadeh, Hossein
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Taheri, Fatemeh
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Ehteshammajd, Shaghayegh
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Azadi, Hossein
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Investigating Subjective and Objective Quality of Life in Rural Areas: the Case of Tehran Province in Iran
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021-03-19)
Ardestani, Leila
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Choobchian, Shahla
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Sadighi, Hassan
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Azadi, Hossein
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Viira, Ants-Hannes
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Understanding Farmers’ Intention towards the Management and Conservation of Wetlands
(MDPI AG, 2021-08-16)
Valizadeh, Naser
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Esfandiyari Bayat, Samira
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Bijani, Masoud
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Hayati, Dariush
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Viira, Ants-Hannes
<jats:p>The aim of the present research was to analyze the farmers’ intention towards participation in the management and conservation of wetlands through the lens of the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB). To do this, a cross-sectional survey of Iranian farmers was carried out. To select the samples, a multi-stage random sampling process with a proportional assignment was employed. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were verified using various quantitative and qualitative indicators. The results of the extended TPB using structural equation modeling showed that four variables, namely moral norms of participation in management and conservation (MNPMC), attitude towards participation in management and conservation (APMC), subjective norms towards participation in management and conservation (SNPMC), and self-concept about participation in management and conservation (SCPMC) had positive and significant impacts on intention towards participation in management and conservation (IPMC). The results also revealed that that entering MNPMC and SCPMC into TPB could increase its explanatory power. Also, the fit indicators supported the extended TPB. From a practical point of view, the present study provides justifications and insights for the use of MNPMC, APMC, SNPMC, and SCPMC in policies and programs intended to encourage farmers and local communities to participate in wetlands management and conservation.</jats:p>
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Determinants of farmers' choice to use irrigation systems: The case of northern Ethiopia
(Wiley, 2022-12-27)
Gebrekidan, Berhe Girmay
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Abbay, Aradom Gebrekidan
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Azadi, Hossein
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Viira, Ants‐Hannes
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Tanaskovik, Vjekoslav
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Climate change is thought to be having a negative impact on Africa's agricultural industry. Smallholder farmers who depend heavily on agriculture are more severely affected by climate change. Droughts and the depletion of water resources are two examples of how climate change affects production. Therefore, it is necessary to take steps to reduce the negative effects of climate change in Ethiopia on smallholder farmers in particular and agriculture in general. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to identify the factors that affect the increase in irrigation efficiency among farmers in northern Ethiopia. A total of 194 farmers were picked at random and questioned using semi‐structured questionnaires. Out of the 18 explanatory variables hypothesized to analyse the preference of farmers for using irrigation in the study area, only 13 were considered important. Of these 13 significant explanatory variables, 4 including health status, labour force members, availability of labour and perception of the advantage of using agricultural inputs were statistically significant with farmers' choice of irrigation.</jats:p>
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Contract Farming and Technical Efficiency: A Case of Export-Oriented Organic Rice Farmers in Pakistan
(MDPI AG, 2022-11-01)
Mazhar, Rabia
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Xuehao, Bi
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Dogot, Thomas
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Skominas, Rytis
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Tanaskovik, Vjekoslav
<jats:p>Although organic rice is a niche market in Pakistan, it has exhibited enormous potential for growth in export-oriented production. Since contract farming is the leading promoter of export-oriented organic rice production in Punjab, Pakistan, improving the technical efficiency of smallholder rice farmers through contract farming holds sufficient potential. This work examines the influence of contract farming participation on smallholder rice farmers’ technical efficiency using a cross-sectional data set of 650 respondents. We applied a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to examine the production frontier and inefficiency estimates. Further, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control endogeneity and self-selection bias in technical efficiency estimates. The results reveal that the technical efficiency score of organic rice farmers in Punjab, Pakistan, is 89.7%, which can still be improved by 10.3% at the current sociodemographic characters and input levels. Likewise, land size, seed, and machine expenditures are the key inputs of the production frontier. Results show a positive and significant connection between contract farming participation and technical efficiency. The study extends the literature on technical efficiency, export-oriented production, contract farming, and the well-being of smallholder farmers. Moreover, the study’s findings provide cues for policies and practices.</jats:p>
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Women and climate change adaptation behaviour: What’s the problem and solution?
(Informa UK Limited, 2022-10-16)
Goli, Imaneh
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Omidi Najaf Abadi, Maryam
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Lashgarara, Farhad
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Tanaskovik, Vjekoslav
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Chukaliev, Ordan

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