Institute of Animal Science

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Frequencies of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities and of leucocytes in the fish Barbus peloponnesius correlate with a pollution gradient in the River Bregalnica (Macedonia)
(Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017, 2017)
Katerina Rebok, Maja Jordanova, Valentina Slavevska-Stamenković, Lozenka Ivanova1, Vasil Kostov, Trajče Stafilov & Eduardo Rocha
Integrated chemical and biomarker approaches were performed to estimate if there is ongoing toxicity in the River Bregalnica, namely connected with the presence of metals. The study was performed in water, sediment, and bar- bel (Barbus peloponnesius), collected in two seasons, from two suspected polluted and one reference zones. The water analyses revealed higher mean values in polluted sites for most of the examined physicochemical parameters. Metal concentrations (Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb, and Fe) in water were more or less constant, whereas in sediment, they were higher at the two polluted locations. Condition factor (CF), as a gen- eral health indicator, revealed better overall condition in bar- bel from the reference site. In general, blood parameters re- vealed higher values in the polluted localities. Irrespective of sex and/or season, the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and vacuolated nuclei (VN) were with higher rates in polluted sites. Similarly, the frequencies of the leucocytes (Le), binuclei (BN), and irregularly shaped nuclei (ISN) were also significantly increased in the polluted localities, but they seemed prone to be influenced by sex and/or season. However, strong positive correlations between blood bio- markers and most water physicochemical parameters and met- al in sediment were estimated. Our data support that the River Bregalnica’s lower course receives significant genotoxic pol- lution, likely via metal industry effluents, agricultural runoff, and domestic sewage, and reinforced the utility of MN and other nuclear abnormalities as sensitive and suitable bio- markers for genotoxicity when used in monitoring studies
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The Status of the Mantovo Reservoir and Management Perspectives
(Water Research and Management, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2015) 23-27, 2015)
Momir Paunovic, Stoe Smiljkov, Milica Ristovska, Vasil Kostov, Irina Shoreva and Biljana Rimcheska
􏰦􏱛􏰛 􏰙􏰠􏱚􏰛􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰂􏰛 􏰙􏱘 􏰀􏱛􏰔􏰁 􏰁􏰀􏰄􏱜􏰃 􏰔􏰁 􏰀􏰙 􏰢􏰙􏰕􏰀􏰓􏰔􏰠􏰄􏰀􏰛 􏰀􏰙 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰙􏰒􏰀􏰔􏰝􏰔􏱣􏱤􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕 􏰙􏱘 􏰝􏰙􏰕􏰔􏰀􏰙􏰓􏰔􏰕􏱗 􏱤􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰂􏰔􏰀􏰔􏰛􏰁 􏰙􏱘 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰨􏱤􏰕􏰀􏰙􏰂􏰙 􏰥􏰛􏰁􏰛􏰓􏰂􏰙􏰔􏰓 􏰑􏰈􏰙􏰄􏰀􏱛􏰍􏱰􏱤􏰁􏰀􏰛􏰓􏰕 􏰒􏱤􏰓􏰀 􏰙􏱘 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰥􏰛􏰒􏰄􏰠􏰚􏰔􏰢 􏰙􏱘 􏰨􏱤􏰢􏰛􏱜􏰙􏰕􏰔􏱤􏰖􏰟 􏰀􏰙 􏰒􏰓􏰙􏰒􏰙􏰁􏰛 􏰛􏱘􏱘􏰛􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰂􏰛 􏰝􏰛􏱤􏰁􏰄􏰓􏰛􏰁 􏰀􏰙 􏰓􏰛􏱜􏰄􏰢􏰛 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰒􏰓􏰛􏰁􏰁􏰄􏰓􏰛􏰁 􏱤􏰕􏱜 􏰔􏰝􏰒􏰓􏰙􏰂􏰛 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰁􏰀􏱤􏰀􏰄􏰁 􏰙􏱘 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰓􏰛􏰁􏰛􏰓􏰂􏰙􏰔􏰓􏱦 􏰡􏰛􏰂􏰛􏰚􏰙􏰒􏰝􏰛􏰕􏰀 􏰙􏱘 􏱤􏰕 􏰛􏱘􏱘􏰛􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰂􏰛 􏰁􏰃􏰁􏰀􏰛􏰝 􏰙􏱘 􏰅􏱤􏰀􏰛􏰓 􏰠􏰙􏱜􏰔􏰛􏰁 􏰁􏰀􏱤􏰀􏰄􏰁 􏱤􏰁􏰁􏰛􏰁􏰁􏰝􏰛􏰕􏰀 􏰔􏰕 􏱤􏰢􏰢􏰙􏰓􏱜􏱤􏰕􏰢􏰛 􏰅􏰔􏰀􏱛 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰓􏰛􏰢􏰙􏰝􏰝􏰛􏰕􏱜􏱤􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕􏰁 􏰙􏱘 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏱰􏰪 􏱠􏱤􏰀􏰛􏰓 􏱭􏰓􏱤􏰝􏰛􏰅􏰙􏰓􏱙 􏰡􏰔􏰓􏰛􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰂􏰛 􏰍 􏰏􏰐􏰐􏰐􏱱􏱲􏰐􏱱􏱰􏱳􏰟 􏰅􏱛􏰔􏰢􏱛 􏰔􏰕􏰢􏰚􏰄􏱜􏰛􏰁 􏰝􏰙􏰓􏰛 􏱘􏰓􏰛􏰤􏰄􏰛􏰕􏰀 􏰝􏰙􏰕􏰔􏰀􏰙􏰓􏰔􏰕􏱗 􏰙􏱘 􏰒􏱛􏰃􏰁􏰔􏰢􏰙􏰍􏰢􏱛􏰛􏰝􏰔􏰢􏱤􏰚 􏰒􏱤􏰓􏱤􏰝􏰛􏰀􏰛􏰓􏰁􏰟 􏰙􏰒􏰀􏰔􏰝􏰔􏱣􏱤􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕 􏰙􏱘 􏰝􏰙􏰕􏰔􏰀􏰙􏰓􏰔􏰕􏱗 􏰙􏱘 􏰢􏱛􏰛􏰝􏰔􏰢􏱤􏰚 􏱜􏰛􏰀􏰛􏰓􏰝􏰔􏰕􏱤􏰕􏰀􏰁􏰟 􏰝􏰙􏰓􏰛 􏰔􏰕􏰀􏰛􏰕􏰁􏰔􏱴􏰛􏱜 􏰔􏰕􏰂􏰙􏰚􏰂􏰛􏰝􏰛􏰕􏰀 􏰙􏱘 􏰠􏰔􏰙􏰚􏰙􏱗􏰔􏰢􏱤􏰚 􏰝􏰙􏰕􏰔􏰀􏰙􏰓􏰔􏰕􏱗 􏱤􏰕􏱜 􏰔􏱜􏰛􏰕􏰀􏰔􏱴􏰢􏱤􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕 􏰙􏱘 􏰠􏱤􏰁􏰔􏰕 􏰁􏰒􏰛􏰢􏰔􏱴􏰢 􏰒􏰙􏰚􏰚􏰄􏰀􏱤􏰕􏰀􏰁 􏰅􏰛􏰓􏰛 􏰒􏰙􏰔􏰕􏰀􏰛􏱜 􏰙􏰄􏰀 􏱤􏰁 􏰒􏰓􏰔􏰙􏰓􏰔􏰀􏰃 􏱤􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰂􏰔􏰀􏰔􏰛􏰁􏱦 􏰥􏰛􏱗􏱤􏰓􏱜􏰔􏰕􏱗 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰙􏰒􏰀􏰔􏰝􏰔􏱣􏱤􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕 􏰙􏱘 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰝􏰙􏰕􏰔􏰀􏰙􏰓􏰔􏰕􏱗 􏱤􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰂􏰔􏰀􏰔􏰛􏰁􏰟 􏰙􏰄􏰓 􏰁􏰀􏰄􏱜􏰃 􏰁􏱛􏰙􏰅􏰛􏱜 􏰀􏱛􏱤􏰀 􏰝􏰙􏰕􏰀􏱛􏰚􏰃 􏰝􏰙􏰕􏰔􏰀􏰙􏰓􏰔􏰕􏱗 􏰙􏱘 􏰅􏱤􏰀􏰛􏰓 􏰤􏰄􏱤􏰚􏰔􏰀􏰃 􏱜􏰛􏰀􏰛􏰓􏰝􏰔􏰕􏱤􏰕􏰀􏰁 􏰢􏰙􏰄􏰚􏱜 􏰠􏰛 􏰓􏰛􏱜􏰄􏰢􏰛􏱜 􏰀􏰙 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏱘􏰙􏰚􏰚􏰙􏰅􏰔􏰕􏱗 􏰒􏱛􏰃􏰁􏰔􏰢􏰙􏰍􏰢􏱛􏰛􏰝􏰔􏰢􏱤􏰚 􏰒􏱤􏰓􏱤􏰝􏰛􏰀􏰛􏰓􏰁􏱵 􏰀􏰛􏰝􏰒􏰛􏰓􏱤􏰀􏰄􏰓􏰛􏰟 􏰒􏱶􏰟 􏰀􏰓􏱤􏰕􏰁􏰒􏱤􏰓􏰛􏰕􏰢􏰃􏰟 􏰡􏰧 􏱤􏰕􏱜 􏰙􏱢􏰃􏱗􏰛􏰕 􏰁􏱤􏰀􏰄􏰓􏱤􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕􏰟 􏰕􏰄􏰀􏰓􏰔􏰛􏰕􏰀􏰁 􏰑􏰉􏱶 +􏰟 􏰉􏰧 􏰍􏰟 􏰉􏰧 -􏰟 􏰦􏰫􏰖􏰟 􏰢􏱤􏰚􏰢􏰔􏰄􏰝􏰟 􏰝􏱤􏱗􏰕􏰛􏰁􏰔􏰄􏰝 􏱤􏰕􏱜 􏰝􏰛􏰀􏱤􏰚􏰁 􏰑􏰔􏰓􏰙􏰕􏰟 􏰝􏱤􏰕􏱗􏱤􏰕􏰛􏰁􏰛 􏱤􏰕􏱜 􏰢􏰙􏰒􏰒􏰛􏰓􏰖􏰟 􏱨􏰧􏰡 423 􏱤􏰕􏱜 􏱳􏰧􏰡 􏰑􏱷􏰨􏰕􏰧4􏰖􏱦 􏰨􏱤􏰕􏱗􏱤􏰕􏰛􏰁􏰛􏰟 􏰔􏰓􏰙􏰕 􏱤􏰕􏱜 􏰢􏰙􏰒􏰒􏰛􏰓 􏰅􏰛􏰓􏰛 􏱘􏰙􏰄􏰕􏱜 􏰀􏰙 􏰠􏰛 􏰔􏰝􏰒􏰙􏰓􏰀􏱤􏰕􏰀 􏰒􏰙􏰚􏰚􏰄􏰀􏱤􏰕􏰀􏰁 􏱘􏰙􏰓 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰨􏱤􏰕􏰀􏰙􏰂􏰙 􏰥􏰛􏰁􏰛􏰓􏰂􏰙􏰔􏰓􏱦 􏰧􏰄􏰓 􏰙􏰒􏰔􏰕􏰔􏰙􏰕 􏰔􏰁 􏰀􏱛􏱤􏰀 􏰠􏰔􏰙􏰚􏰙􏱗􏰔􏰢􏱤􏰚 􏰝􏰙􏰕􏰔􏰀􏰙􏰓􏰔􏰕􏱗 􏰁􏱛􏰙􏰄􏰚􏱜 􏰠􏰛 􏰝􏰙􏰓􏰛 􏱘􏰓􏰛􏰤􏰄􏰛􏰕􏰀􏰟 􏰠􏰄􏰀 􏰔􏰀 􏰢􏰙􏰄􏰚􏱜 􏰠􏰛 􏰚􏰔􏰝􏰔􏰀􏰛􏱜 􏰀􏰙 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰁􏰄􏰓􏰂􏰛􏰃 􏰙􏱘 􏰀􏰅􏰙 􏱜􏰙􏰝􏰔􏰕􏱤􏰕􏰀 􏰁􏰒􏰛􏰢􏰔􏰛􏰁 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Chaoborus crystallinus􏱦 􏱯 􏰁􏰛􏰀 􏰙􏱘 􏰝􏰛􏱤􏰁􏰄􏰓􏰛􏰁 􏱘􏰙􏰓 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰁􏰀􏱤􏰀􏰄􏰁 􏰔􏰝􏰒􏰓􏰙􏰂􏰛􏰝􏰛􏰕􏰀 􏰙􏱘 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰓􏰛􏰁􏰛􏰓􏰂􏰙􏰔􏰓 􏰔􏰁 􏰒􏰓􏰙􏰒􏰙􏰁􏰛􏱜 􏰔􏰕 􏰀􏱛􏰔􏰁 􏰒􏱤􏰒􏰛􏰓 􏰀􏱛􏱤􏰀 􏰔􏰕􏰢􏰚􏰄􏱜􏰛􏰁􏱵 􏱛􏰃􏱜􏰓􏰙􏰍􏰀􏰛􏰢􏱛􏰕􏰔􏰢􏱤􏰚 􏰅􏰙􏰓􏱙􏰁 􏱤􏰀 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰝􏰙􏰄􏰀􏱛 􏰙􏱘 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏱷􏰓􏰔􏰂􏱤 􏰩􏰄􏱙􏱤􏰂􏰔􏰢􏱤 􏰥􏰔􏰂􏰛􏰓 􏱤􏰔􏰝􏰛􏱜 􏱤􏰀 􏰓􏰛􏱜􏰄􏰢􏰔􏰕􏱗 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰔􏰕􏱸􏰙􏰅 􏰙􏱘 􏰒􏰙􏰚􏰚􏰄􏰀􏱤􏰕􏰀􏰁􏰟 􏰓􏰛􏰁􏰛􏰓􏰂􏰙􏰔􏰓 􏰠􏱤􏰕􏱙 􏰁􏰀􏱤􏰠􏰔􏰚􏰔􏱣􏱤􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕􏰟 􏰓􏰛􏱜􏰄􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕 􏰙􏱘 􏰒􏰙􏰚􏰚􏰄􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕 􏰢􏱤􏰄􏰁􏰛􏱜 􏰠􏰃 􏰄􏰓􏰠􏱤􏰕 􏰅􏱤􏰁􏰀􏰛 􏰅􏱤􏰀􏰛􏰓􏰁􏰟 􏰓􏰛􏱗􏰄􏰚􏱤􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕 􏰙􏱘 􏰢􏰙􏰕􏰁􏰀􏰓􏰄􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰙􏰕 􏱤􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰂􏰔􏰀􏰔􏰛􏰁 􏰔􏰕 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏱤􏰓􏰛􏱤 􏰙􏱘 􏰀􏱛􏰛 􏰓􏰛􏰁􏰛􏰓􏰂􏰙􏰔􏰓 􏱤􏰕􏱜 􏰒􏰓􏰙􏰒􏰛􏰓 􏰝􏱤􏰕􏱤􏱗􏰛􏰝􏰛􏰕􏰀 􏰙􏱘 􏰁􏰒􏰙􏰓􏰀􏰁 􏱤􏰢􏰀􏰔􏰂􏰔􏰀􏰔􏰛􏰁􏱦
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Osteological description of Zingel balcanicus (Teleostei: Percidae)
(Springer, Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 2014)
Julijana Arsovska1, Milica Ristovska1, Vasil Kostov, Dana Prelic & Valentina Slavevska-Stamenkovic
Recent field studies have shown that the survival of Zingel balcanicus (Karaman, 1937) was enabled in an isolated area along the Treska River. The presence of two opercular spines in Z. balcanicus, compared to only one in Zingel streber, has attracted our interest for investigating more details about osteological characters of Z. balcanicus in order to provide more useful anatomical data that could be of osteo-taxonomic value. A complete osteological description of Z. balcanicus is presented with some comparative aspects discussed. Zingel balcanicus shares a large number of osteological characteristics with other members of Zingel. However, the articular processes of the premaxillary bone, teeth in the palatine bone, opercular spination and number of precaudal centra were emphasised as stable osteo-taxonomic characters. On the other hand, the architecture of the hyomandibula, spine-like extensions of infraorbital bones, gill rakers, and independent cartilage plates and presence of “Spreitzer vertebra” were noticed as peculiar characteristics that never have been described for the genus Zingel.
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Fish Community Structure and Water Quality Assessment of Babuna River
(J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, Vol. 6 (4): 508-517 (2011), 2011-10-31)
M. Ristovska, Vasil Kostov, D. Prelic, V. Slavevska-Stamenković J. Arsovska
Nowadays, intensive investigations of the fish fauna from the flowing water in Republic of Macedonia are carry out. The purpose of this study was to assess longitudinal variation of species composition and community structure of ichthyofauna from the Babuna River, as well as assessment of the ecological status of the river based on the fish fauna. During the summer 2010, a total of 2510 fish samples were catch. The obtained results showed presence of 17 fishes which belong to 4 families. Thirteen of them are autochthones, while 4 of them are allochthonous species (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Pseudorasbora parva, Carassius gibelio and Oxynoemacheilus bureschi). The highest diversity was occurred at Cyprinidae, presented by 11 species. The others families such as Salmonidae, Nemachelidae and Cobitidae were founded by 2 species. Alburnoides bipunctatus (43.3%) and Barbus balcanicus (30.3%) were dominant species of ichthyofauna in whole river body, while the Squalius vardarensis (8.53%) was subdominant. The other species were presented of minimum percentage but with their presence increased the general diversity of fish fauna. Following WFD requirements and previous experience, the water quality assessment using European Fish Index (EFI) was done. The obtained EFI values indicate good water quality along the Babuna River. Possible source of pollution along the Babuna River are discussed, too.
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OVCHEPOLIAN SHEEP - BRED IN MACEDONIA
(Journal of Hygienic Engineering and Desigan, 2022-12)
Elena Eftimova
;
Pacinovski Nikola
;
Mateva Natasha
One of the three local breeds of sheep that is bred and is under the protection in Macedonia is the Ovchepolian sheep. The interest of breeders over the past years is stable, and the number of heads bred from this breed is increasing. The aim of this research was to give a picture of the breed itself, some productive features and its importance. The data presented in this paper are obtained as a result of field research within the program for protection of biodiversity in our country over several years. They are part of the reports of the Macedonia Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy. The average weight of rams is up to 45 kg and of ewes is up to 35 kg. The color of its hair is often white, sometimes mixture of white and black, and sometimes they are completely black. Rams have well-developed and large horns, while sheep do not have horns or they have significantly smaller horns. The average lactation length in this sheep was 6 months, the average milk lactation was 50 - 60 liters and the average daily amount of milk was 0.3 liters. The percentage of fertility was 100 - 110%. Macedonia ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1997, and in 2004 adopted the first National Biodiversity Strategy with an action plan. Since then has been started with an effective protection to stop the loss of biodiversity. In sheep breeding, the only domestic breed that will be protected is the Ovchepolian sheep. After the determination of the farms during 2003, from 2013 until today, this breed is continuously monitored and financially supported by the state. The financial support is 9 euros/per head yearly. The annual monitoring includes 26 - 30 farms, with about 8,000 heads of all categories, but new herds are also explored, where it is determined whether they meet the criteria for financial support. Because the Ovchepolian sheep is characterized by low productivity that directly affects the financial stability of stock raiser, endowment of the same is of particular importance. At the same time, it makes a significant contribution to the conservation of biodiversity in our country. Until the number of heads increases from 9,999, when the breed will no longer be valued as endangered, intensive activity is needed in its maintenance and appreciation. Because the Ovchepolian sheep is characterized by low productivity that directly affects the financial stability of stock raiser, endowment of the same is of particular importance. At the same time, it makes a significant contribution to the conservation of biodiversity in our country. Until the number of heads increases from 9,999, when the breed will no longer be valued as endangered, intensive activity is needed in its maintenance and appreciation.
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Effect of Vegetative Application of Herbicides on the Quality of Silage from Sorghum vulgare var. technicum [Körn.]
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, 2022-12)
Golubinova Irena
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Marinov-Serafimov Plamen
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Gjorgovska Natasha
;
Levkov Vesna
On the basis of field experiments carried out during the period 2017 - 2020 in the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops –- Pleven, Republic of Bulgaria to establish the phytotoxic effect of a group of herbicides for postemergence application in broomcorn and the biochemical analysis carried out at the Institute of Animal Science, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia, a comprehensive assessment of the influence of herbicide selectivity on the quality of broomcorn silage was made. It was found that the physico-biochemical parameters (dry matter content, pH, lactic acid, and butyric acid) in the forage mass are directly related to the fermentation parameters and the quality of the broomcorn silage and are significantly influenced by the selectivity of the herbicides at the culture. Obtaining silage from broomcorn with good silage qualities can be ensured by using above-ground fresh biomass from the crop with an established phytotoxic effect of no higher than 2.5 score as a result of the application of vegetation herbicides. The silage of above-ground biomass from broomcorn in the growth stage BBCH - 47 with established moderate-strong (EWRS - 4.5 score) to strong phytotoxicity (EWRS - 8.5 score) when applying herbicides, deteriorates the quality of the silage as a result of lowering the content of dry matter and compensatory processes related to reducing the content of lactic acid and increasing the share of acetic and butyric acids.
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Influence of Pre-Sowing Treatment of Seeds with Siliplant on Initial Growth of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Cultivars
(Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan, 2022-12)
Marinov-Serafimov Plamen
;
Golubinova Irena
;
Cvetanova Galja
;
Levkov Vesna
;
Gjorgovska Natasha
During the period 2021–2022 in the Institute of Forage Crops - Pleven was established the influence of pre-sowing treatment (priming) of seeds with Siliplant under laboratory conditions on the initial development of three varieties of alfalfa grown by conventional ("Dara" and "Pleven 6") and SP5A001 biological method. Laboratory seed germination and primary plant development in vitro conditions and their response were evaluated using the complex plant growth index (GI) of the cultivars included in the study. It was established that the recommended working concentration for pre-sowing treatment of alfalfa seeds with Siliplant for field conditions is in the range of 0.5÷0.6%, determining a complex stimulating effect on the growth of the root, epicotyl, and seedling, respectively and on the initial development of alfalfa in the "sowing-emergence" period. By means of polynomial regression analysis, equivalence was established between stimulating and/or depressing effect on seedling growth as a result of the pre-sowing treatment of alfalfa seeds with Siliplant, expressed by the plant development index (GI).
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THE NUMBER AND COMPOSITION OF YEASTS AND MOULDS DEVELOPING IN BEATEN CHEESE PRODUCED IN INDUSTRIAL CAPACITY
(Institute of Animal Science, R. N. Macedonia, 2022-12)
Levkov Vesna
;
Beličovska Daniela
;
Eftimova Elena
A b s t r a c t: The changes in the number end composition of yeasts and moulds during beaten cheese production and ripening were studied. The cheese was prepared in dairy in western part of North Macedonia by using raw cows’ milk and without adding starter culture. The obtained results indicate the presence of yeasts in all stages of cheese preparation. The number of yeasts in milk was in range of 3.62–4.25 log CFU·ml–1 and has increased during dry ripening reaching maximum value of 5.91 log CFU·g-1 in the 3rd day of ripening during the 3rd producing process. The beaten cheese ripening in brine results in decreasing yeasts number reaching value of 3.60 log CFU·g-1. The yeasts isolates were determinate as Kluyveromyces marxianus, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces lactis, Pichia polymorpha, Pichia membranifaciens, Trichosporon pululans, Torulopsis sp., Candida sp. The moulds were not noticed in all stages during beaten cheese making and ripening. They were continuously present during dry ripening till the 15th day of brining. Isolated species were determined as Aspergillus niger, A. oryzae, Mucor mucedo, M. pusilus, Penicillium sp., Trichotecium sp., and Trichoderma viride
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VARIABILITY OF SOME PRODUCTION TRAITS OF KARAKACHANIAN SHEEP IN MACEDONIA
(Institute of Animal Science, R. N. Macedonia, 2022-09)
Pacinovski Nikola
;
Eftimova Elena
;
Levkov Vesna
;
Mateva Nataša
;
Beličovska Daniela
A b s t r a c t: Karakachanian (Karakachan) sheep, an indigenous strain of the Pramenka breed in Mac-edonia, is in bigger danger of disappearance than the other two indigenous strains (Ovchepolian and Sharplaninian). Beside in Macedonia, Karakachanian sheep is also present in the other countries of the Balkan Peninsula, namely: Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania and Turkey, its populations being at minimum level. This breed was created by many-century selection of the sheep, bred by the Karakachans, who were mostly nomads. These sheep are of small body weight and size, low productivity and triple production line (milk, meat, wool). They are quite vital animals, energetic, resistant to illnesses, and well adapted to adverse environmental conditions. Karakachanian sheep are either of dark or white colour of the hair. By the inves-tigations conducted, these facts have been established: total production of lactation milk: 27.00 lit; average daily milk production: 0.17 lit; average percentage of milk fat: 8.38%; average percentage of protein: 4.54%; average percentage of lactose: 4.41%; average percentage of fat-free dry matter: 9.10%; average percentage of total dry matter: 16.74%; length of the lactation period: 156 days. The low production results clearly indicate the main reason for which this sheep breed has been supplanted by other, more productive sheep breeds.
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POSSIBILITIES FOR PORK FAT, PHOSPHATE AND NITRITE REPLACEMENT IN CHICKEN FRANKFURTER PRODUCTION
(Institute of Animal Science, R. N. Macedonia, 2022-09)
Beličovska Daniela
;
Pejkovski Zlatko
;
Silovska-Nikolova Aleksandra
;
Beličovska Katerina
;
Levkov Vesna
A b s t r a c t: With the aim the possibility of total pork fat, phosphate and nitrite substitution in chicken frankfurters production to be examined, three variants of frankfurters made of chicken thighs, breasts and additives were produced: control – with pork fat, phosphate and nitrite (FPN); with vegetable oils and cochineal (OC); with vegetable oils, cochineal and paprika extract (OCP). Following parameters were investigated in all treatments of frankfurters: pH value, weight loss during heat treatment, proximate composition, phosphate content, residual nitrite content and degree of oxidation. The highest cooking loss (7.33%), during thermal processsing of frankfurters was established in variant FPN and the lowest one (6.68%) in OC. pH also was the highest (6.44) in FPN and the lowest (6.34) in OC. Moisture content ranged from 61.09% (OC), to 61.74% (FPN). Proteins were presented from 11.08% (OCP) to 11.92% (FPN), total crude lipids from 20.09% (OCP) to 22.11% (FPN), and ash from 2.73% (OCP) to 3.06% (OC). Phosphate content was reduced from 260.43 mg/100 g in control variant to 179.30 mg/100 g in OCP, or 157.30 mg/100 g in OC. Only in control variant residual nitrite (2.17 ppm) were determined, in which the initial input of nitrite was 55 ppm. Low TBA values (<0.20) indicate that lipid oxidation was almost completely prevented during the period of 42 investigated days. It can be concluded that pork fat substitution with rapeseed and sunflower oil; phosphate with combination of potato starch, caseinate and sodium citrate, and nitrite with cochineal and paprika extract in chicken frankfurters production is possible

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