Institute of Economics

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PCA analysis of the socio-economic indicators – the case of Republic of Macedonia
(2019)
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Boskovska, Diana
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Petkovska Mirchevska, Tatjana
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The dependence of the poverty line from the institutional and economic factors – the case of RM
(2019)
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Kostadinoska Miloseska, Snezana
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Dzambaska, Elizabeta
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The impact of the socio-economic factors on the youth unemployment-the case of the republic of North Macedonia
(2019)
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Boskovska, Diana
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Petkovska Mirchevska, Tatjana
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Gender inequality on the Macedonian labour market
(EMAN 2019, 2019-03-28)
Aleksandra Lozanoska
;
Elizabeta Djambaska
;
Vladimir Petkovski
The labour market is facing different forms of inequality and discrimination against workers on the basis of gender, age and health. Gender gaps are one of the most pressing challenges. Globally, women are substantially less likely than men to participate on the labour market and to find jobs. Their access to quality employment opportunities is limited. Many researches have shown that there is a significant difference between the genders, in terms of the wage levels, occupation, working hours, economic status, duration of the unemployment etc. The research hypothesis of the paper is that Republic of Macedonia has gender inequality on its labour market, seen through different position of men and women regarding their economic activity, employment and unemployment. The aim of the paper is to identify the level of gender inequality and the differences between men and women on the Macedonian labour market. The paper consists of two segments. The first is focused on the theoretical aspects of the gender inequality, as well as on the measures and indicators which can determine the scale of gender inequality. In the second part, the situation on the Macedonian labour market regarding the position and differences between men and women is observed. For that purpose, the economic activity, employment and unemployment of men and women (by age, educational attainment, economic status, working hours, sectors of activity, occupations, wages and other) is analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the position of women was and remains worse than of the men. It is seen in their lower participation in the economic activity and employment in the country, in the higher unemployment rates, longer unemployment, lower wages, in an increase of the average time to find work, in the proportion of women in traditionally female occupations etc. The gender inequality demands more attention in order to improve existing legislation and to implement labour market policies which will ensure higher participation of women on the labour market. Therefore, the paper, also, notes some recommendations to overcome the unfavorable situation of women on the Macedonian labour market. The study of the gender inequality on the Macedonian labour market is made for the last decade, using the available data from the State Statistical office of the Republic of Macedonia. For the purpose of the research, reports, data and statistical analyses on gender inequality from different international institutions (Eurostat, World Bank, World Economic Forum and International Labour Organization) are also used. Concerning the methodology, the study is based on the qualitative methods such as: analysis of literature and documents and deductive reasoning, as well as on the quantitative method of descriptive statistics.
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Quality of Life in the Republic of North Macedonia Seen Through the Human Development Indicators
(IGI Global book series Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics (AFAE), 2019)
Elizabeta Djambaska
;
Aleksandra Lozanoska
;
Vladimir Petkovski
This chapter considers the trend of human development in the RNM, presented through the HDI. The special focus would be the links with the problem of poverty and inequality in the economy, regarding the data for the GINI, IHDI, GDI, poverty line, MPI, vulnerable employment, and youth unemployment. The research subject is the period from 2010 to 2017, using the secondary statistical data. Comparative analysis, with the countries from the CESEE countries, further improve the quality of the chapter. The RNM is a country with a high level of human development, and it is relatively equally distributed among the population. There is a difference in the distribution of the achievements of HD and an intermediate level of equality in the distribution between the genders. Income inequality expressed with the GINI index shows increase. The results confirm that there is no automatic link between the economic growth and human development. Income and gender inequality regress the quality of life in Macedonia. Growth in RNM in the past period has failed to produce the expected positive effects.
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Provision of public goods and services in the Republic of Macedonia
(Institute of Economics – Skopje, 2018-12)
Aleksandra Lozanoska
;
Elizabeta Djambaska
The paper reviews the process of providing public goods and services in the Republic of Macedonia. Considering the theoretical knowledge about this process, the article focuses on the principles for provision of public goods and services and the quantitative and qualitative indicators which measure the effectiveness and efficiency. They are all part of the Principles of Public Administration adopted in the European Union. The results of the research show that the public administration in the Republic of Macedonia is in a continuous process of reforms. These reforms tend to increase the efficiency in provision of public goods and services. Many researches conducted in the country has confirmed that there is an evident need for further improvement of this process and that it should be made in accordance with the citizens’ needs. The paper also observes some general recommendations and measures for better provision of public goods and services and for more efficient quality control of services.
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Importance of the agricultural sector for the Economic development of the Republic of North Macedonia
(Institute of Economics – Skopje, 2019-06)
Elizabeta Djambaska
;
Aleksandra Lozanoska
This paper analyse the role and importance of the agricultural sector for the economic development of the Republic of North Macedonia. The focus of the research is on the indicators that present the agricultural sector as real GDP and gross added value in the agricultural sector in the Republic of North Macedonia, for the period from 2000 to 2016. General conclusion is that GDP growth in the Republic of North Macedonia in the analysed period arise from the household production and gross investment. Also, agriculture is one of the four dominant sectors beside trade, industry and construction that contribute to economic growth in the Republic of North Macedonia. The share of the agriculture, forestry and fishing sector in the real GDP in the Republic of North Macedonia is around 13%. The largest contribution from agriculture to the GDP of the Republic of North Macedonia arise from the Southeast, Pelagonia and Polog region. Therefore, measures and activities for stimulating economic growth should mostly be directed towards these regions. The relative share of the gross value added of agricultural production in the Republic of North Macedonia is around 10% of GDP and it considered to be important sector for economic development.
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Growth accounting in the Republic of North Macedonia
(Institute of Economics – Skopje, 2019-12)
Elizabeta Djambaska
;
Aleksandra Lozanoska
Growth accounting approach method is a useful technic which estimates the relative contribution of the factors of production to the economic growth rate and allow us to identify the current growth pattern. In this paper the focus is on the economic growth in the Republic of North Macedonia and the determination of the source of growth in the past two decades. The decomposition of the three basic factors labour, capital and productivity is calculated according to the Cobb-Douglas production function. The calculations are made for the whole 20 years period, first 1997 – 2017 and also for the group of five years period (1997-2001, 2001-2005, 2005-2009, 2009-2013 and 2013-2017). The results from the growth accounting in the Republic of North Macedonia shows that average growth rate in the past 20 years is 1.34%. Average growth rate of physical capital is 4.24% and of the labour is 1.28%. Contributions of physical capital to the growth rate in the Republic of North Macedonia is 1.40 percent points. Labour contribution is 0.86 percent points. The total factor productivity contributions to the average growth rate is negative -0.92 percentage points. The results of the calculations for the five years period confirm the low average rate of growth, and similar growth pattern of the average growth rate of capital and labour. The most concerning is the low and negative total factor productivity. This lead to the conclusions that economic growth in the Republic of North Macedonia is due to intensification of the labour. Hence, the growth is unsustainable in the long ran. Unsustainability of growth arise due to the low productivity of the production factors and the increased public debt which was made for financing the evidently low growth rate in the past. Recommendations are to focus on the investment in the physical capital, education, research and development, which will rise the quality of human capital and will increase total factor productivity.
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Chapter: Quality of Life in the Republic of North Macedonia Seen Through the Human Development Indicators
(IGI Global book series Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics (AFAE), 2019)
Djambaska, Elizabeta
;
;
This chapter considers the trend of human development in the RNM, presented through the HDI. The special focus would be the links with the problem of poverty and inequality in the economy, regarding the data for the GINI, IHDI, GDI, poverty line, MPI, vulnerable employment, and youth unemployment. The research subject is the period from 2010 to 2017, using the secondary statistical data. Comparative analysis, with the countries from the CESEE countries, further improve the quality of the chapter. The RNM is a country with a high level of human development, and it is relatively equally distributed among the population. There is a difference in the distribution of the achievements of HD and an intermediate level of equality in the distribution between the genders. Income inequality expressed with the GINI index shows increase. The results confirm that there is no automatic link between the economic growth and human development. Income and gender inequality regress the quality of life in Macedonia. Growth in RNM in the past period has failed to produce the expected positive effects.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
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Gender inequality on the Macedonian labour market
(EMAN 2019, 2019-03-28)
;
Djambaska, Elizabeta
;
The labour market is facing different forms of inequality and discrimination against workers on the basis of gender, age and health. Gender gaps are one of the most pressing challenges. Globally, women are substantially less likely than men to participate on the labour market and to find jobs. Their access to quality employment opportunities is limited. Many researches have shown that there is a significant difference between the genders, in terms of the wage levels, occupation, working hours, economic status, duration of the unemployment etc. The research hypothesis of the paper is that Republic of Macedonia has gender inequality on its labour market, seen through different position of men and women regarding their economic activity, employment and unemployment. The aim of the paper is to identify the level of gender inequality and the differences between men and women on the Macedonian labour market. The paper consists of two segments. The first is focused on the theoretical aspects of the gender inequality, as well as on the measures and indicators which can determine the scale of gender inequality. In the second part, the situation on the Macedonian labour market regarding the position and differences between men and women is observed. For that purpose, the economic activity, employment and unemployment of men and women (by age, educational attainment, economic status, working hours, sectors of activity, occupations, wages and other) is analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the position of women was and remains worse than of the men. It is seen in their lower participation in the economic activity and employment in the country, in the higher unemployment rates, longer unemployment, lower wages, in an increase of the average time to find work, in the proportion of women in traditionally female occupations etc. The gender inequality demands more attention in order to improve existing legislation and to implement labour market policies which will ensure higher participation of women on the labour market. Therefore, the paper, also, notes some recommendations to overcome the unfavorable situation of women on the Macedonian labour market. The study of the gender inequality on the Macedonian labour market is made for the last decade, using the available data from the State Statistical office of the Republic of Macedonia. For the purpose of the research, reports, data and statistical analyses on gender inequality from different international institutions (Eurostat, World Bank, World Economic Forum and International Labour Organization) are also used. Concerning the methodology, the study is based on the qualitative methods such as: analysis of literature and documents and deductive reasoning, as well as on the quantitative method of descriptive statistics.

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