Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior
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Item type:Publication, Wood waste in the sawmill industry of wood processing(Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior - Skopje, 2023-09); Sawmill processing produces a certain amount of waste, as a result of processing sawlogs into sawn lumber. Waste occurs in the form of fine and coarse waste. Fine and coarse waste are generated on the primary milling machine (band saw) and on the circular saws for transversal and longitudinal lumber cutting. In addition to fine and coarse waste, sawdust also occurs as waste, but due to its specificity, it is not quantified. This paper presents results obtained from several years of research, conducted in five sawmill capacities. The researched capacities were at the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia. The data was gathered under manufacturing conditions. The wood species covered in the paper are beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), pine (Pinus sylvesteris, Pinus nigra), oak (Quercus sessiliflora), aspen (Populus tremula L.) and fir/spruce (Abies alba/Picea excelsa). The results indicate that beech has the highest percentage of total waste, and fir/spruce has the lowest percentage of total waste. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Milled lumber steaming chambers(Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior - Skopje, 2022-11); This paper describers the steaming chambers used for thermal treatment of milled lumber. The steaming process is a principal operation, as part of the primary wood processing. This technological process is a relevant prerequisite for obtaining quality lumber for final manufacturing. Steaming processes take place in constructed facilities called steaming chambers, under normal range of barometric pressure. This paper presents the two methods used for milled lumber steaming, direct vaporization and indirect vaporization. The two methods are characterized by different functional principles and different installation of the steaming chambers. An important aspect for obtaining quality lumber is the level of automatization of the steaming process. Automatization is composed by technical equipment for process monitoring and allows precise insight into the steaming process. The traditional manual steaming chambers monitor the color of the condensate as an indicator of the phase of the steaming process. Alongside automatization, this paper describes the industrial energetic and water supply installation of the steaming chambers. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Comparative analysis of yield distribution in first and second-class quality fir and spruce sawlogs (Abies alba Mill./Picea abies L.): A case study from North Macedonia(Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior - Skopje, 2024-12)The efficient utilisation of sawlogs represents a crucial determinant for the operational success of sawmill capacities. Sawlogs serve as the primary raw material in sawmill operations, and their rational use is influenced by several production-related factors. Key determinants impacting sawlog utilisation include wood species, log quality classification, technological capacity of sawmills, and workforce proficiency, among others. Of particular importance to sawlog processing methods are wood species and quality classification. A principal indicator of sawmill performance lies in the quantitative yield of raw material, defined by the volume of lumber produced from log processing. The economic viability of sawmills is grounded in this quantitative utilisation, with wood species and quality classification exerting the most substantial influence. This paper presents findings from a comparative analysis conducted at a sawmill facility in Berovo, Republic of North Macedonia. It examines the yield from fir/spruce (Abies alba Mill./Picea abies L.) sawlogs of both first- and second-quality classes. The analysed logs maintain a consistent length of 4.0 meters. The average diameter for first-class logs ranges from 27.0 to 57.0 cm, while for second-class logs, it spans 38.0 to 62.0 cm. The mean yield rate for first-class logs is 68.93%, and for second-class logs, it is 61.55%. A comparative analysis is provided for the coarse and fine waste generated from log processing for both quality classes. Sawing was conducted using a horizontal band saw, and the resulting lumber is designated for construction and structural purposes.