Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior

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AESTHETIC AND STRENGTHS CHANGES IN THERMALLY TRETAED BEECH FALSE HEARTWOOD (Fagus Sylvatica L.)
(Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior-Skopje, 2013)
Mihajlovski Nikola
;
Konstantin Bahchevandjiev
This paper discuses the aesthetic changes and some of the mechanical changes in native beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) and beach wood which has developed false heartwood, before and after being thermally treated. The aesthetic properties, colour and texture are determined visually, whereas some of the mechanical properties which have been tested are pressure strength, bending strength and the elasticity modulus under stress (when bending wood). Discolouration, also called false heartwood, becomes identical with the colour of native beech after being treated at 1800C, and at 2300C the colour and texture get dark. Pressure strength of native beech wood increases after thermal treatment, but it is lower than in beech false heartwood. After thermal treatment there are no significant differences in bending strength and elasticity modulus of native beech wood and beech false heartwood. Thermal treatment at 1800C drastically reduces the bending strength, but increases the elasticity modulus.
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PERCENTAGE OF WEIGHT INCREASE IN EUROPEAN SPRUCE WOOD (Picea Abies.Mill), IMPREGNATED WITH PОLYURETHANE AND ACRYLIC COATINGS
(Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior-Skopje, 2013)
Nikola Mihajlovski
;
Konstantin Bahchevandjiev
;
Mitko Nacevski
Capillary absorption - impregnating the wood with filmogenic materials, represents a possible method for surface modification of the wood. By application of double vacuum process, polymeric filmogenic materials are incorporated into the cellular and intracellular cavities of the wood surface layers. The Weight Percent Gain - WPG is significantly larger than with classically coated wood. The progress rate of WPG of two dimensions of test pieces in the impregnation process with polyurethane coating is 11.39% and 36.03%, and in impregnation with acrylic coating it is 10.60% and 28.70%. The differences in impregnated wood with polyurethane and acrylic coating are not statistically significant.
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PERCENTAGE OF WEIGHT INCREASE IN EUROPEAN SPRUCE WOOD (PICEA ABIES.MILL), IMPREGNATED WITH POLYURETHANE AND ACRYLIC COATINGS
(University of Bihać - Faculty of Technical Engineering, 2013)
Mihajlovski Nikola
;
Konstantin Bahchevandjiev
Impregnating and coating of wood with film forming materials are methods for the surface treatment of wood. Through the method of double vacuum (engl. Double vacuum process) polymeric film forming materials are incorporated into cellular and intracellular cavities of the surface layers of the wood. The resulting percentage of increase in mass (engl. Weight Percent Gain- WPG) is significantly larger than on classical coated wood. The progress rate of increase in mass of the test pieces, the impregnation with polyurethane coating is 11.4% and the impregnation with acrylic coating 10.6%. Differences in impregnated wood with polyurethane and acrylic coating are not statistically significant.
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SWELLING AND TRANSVERSE ANISOTROPY OF IMPREGNATED AND COATED SPRUCE WOOD (Picea abies Karst)
(Faculty of forestry - Zagreb, 2014)
Mihajlovski Nikola
;
Konstantin Bahchevandjiev
The impregnation is a capillary filling of cells, a method of modification whereby other viscous materials can also be introduced into the wood. Through the method of double vacuum impregnation, spruce wood pieces (Picea abies Karst) were treated by using polyurethane and acrylic wood coatings. In addition, identical test pieces were surface treated with the same coatings. This paper includes a comparison of the weight percent gain (WPG) caused by impregnation and by surface coating of the wood. The impact of impregnation and surface coating on the swelling and the transverse anisotropy were also studied. The swelling of the impregnated wood occurs in the first 2 to 3 days, after which it is stagnating. The swelling of the coated wood continuously increases in a period of seven days and it tends to keep increasing. The swelling of the impregnated wood and the coated wood is equalised on the fourth day of immersion of the wood samples. After the seven-day period of immersion, the coated wood shows greater swelling than the impregnated wood and is equated with the untreated wood. There are no significant changes in the anisotropy of the untreated, the impregnated and the coated spruce wood.
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EXAMINATION OF THE COMFORT WHILE LYING ON A METTRESS WITH A SOFT POLYURETHANE FOAM CORE
(Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior-Skopje, 2015)
Mihajlovski Nikola
;
Gruevski Gjorgi
;
Konstantin Bahchevandjiev
The paper presents the results of the examination of the comfort while lying on a mattress with a soft polyurethane foams core. The areas of standing close by measurements with measurement of the multi- sensory appropriate cover and computer software were studied. For an indicator of comfort is taken the comfort index, according which within the limits of average height and weight of the group of users, the measurements match the recommended method of tabular values. The cases where the users are with low body weight and greater height, and users with greater body weight and short stature, deviate from the recommended method of tabular selection. The measurement with multi sensory measuring cover is recommended as yet most realistic method for determining the comfort when lying on a mattress.
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Compression strength parallel to the grain of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst) impregnated with polyurethane and acrylic coatings
(Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior-Skopje, 2015)
Nikola Mihajlovski
;
Konstantin Bahchevandjiev
;
Mitko Nacevski
This research focuses on the influence of impregnation of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst) on the compression strength and module of elasticity of wood parallel to the grain. The wood is impregnated by double vacuum process with polyurethane and acrylic coatings. Weight percent gain of wood impregnated with polyurethane is 36.3% and 28.3% of wood impregnated with acrylic coating. Significantly increased compression strength and modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain.
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Care and maintenance of leather upholstered furniture with traditional leather conditioners
(Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior-Skopje, 2019)
Mihajlovski Nikola
;
Konstantin Bahchevandjiev
The upholstery leather in the furniture is exposed to intensive wear conditions and dust. Periodic cleaning and maintenance is necessary in order to maintain its properties. In the period of use the leather loses its natural fats, absorbs salts then becomes hard and cracks. Care and maintenance of leather in the upholstered furniture is a system of activities such as prevention, cleaning and conditioning of the leather. All these activities are interconnected to maintain the quality of the leather. The main task of the care products and maintaining of leather is its adjustment to the conditions of use, removal of deformations that occurred during use and prepare for its further use. The aim of this paper is to review the method of maintenance of the leather in the upholstered furniture as well as to compare the classical care products with the commercial ones through a review of literary and experiential data. Commercial conditioners do not satisfy the needs for conditioning the leather properties over a long period of time. Traditional conditioners made from animal fat, oils and waxes such as tallow, lanolin, fish oil and beeswax enhance collagen fibrils, maintain elasticity, contribute to hydrophobicity and increase its organoleptic properties.
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Dimensional Stability and Water Absorption of Spruce Wood (Picea Abies Karst.) Impregnated and Coated with Polyurethane and Acrylic Coatings
(Drvna Industrija, 2018)
Mihajlovski Nikola
;
Konstantin Bahchevandjiev
Impregnating materials may affect the stabilization of wood dimensions in two ways: blocking of free water movement paths and chemical connection with hydroxyl groups of wood. The degree of modifi cation depends on the applied material, its penetration and fi xation to the wood. The paper investigates the impact of impregnation and coating with polyurethane and acrylic coatings of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) on absorption of water and dimensional stability of wood (anti-shrinking effi ciency) after being immersed in water for a specifi c time. Impreg nated spruce wood absorbs two times less water than untreated wood and it is dimensionally more stable than coated spruce wood. The water absorption of coated spruce wood is low, but it is not dimensionally stable.
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Transverse Anisotropy and Dimensional Stability of Thermal Treated Beech Red Heartwood
(TEM Journal, 2017-02)
Nikola Mihajlovski
;
Konstantin Bahchevandjiev
This research is mainly focused on the impact of thermal modification on the transverse anisotropy and dimensional stability of native beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) and beech red heartwood. Applied to two time-temperature regimes, the first period of maximum temperature to 180° C and the second to 230° C. The factor of anisotropy in native beech wood is 1.29 and beech red heartwood is 1:24. Dimensional stability of the native beech wood is improved for 33.3% and beech red heartwood for 29.1%. The changing of the volume mass per thermal modification of 6% is too small and does not affect other properties.

Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior

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