Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior
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Item type:Publication, The state of export and import of wood products and furniture in the Republic of North Macedonia: Trends and strategies for growth(WoodEMA, i.a. – International Association for Economics and Management in Wood Processing and Furniture Manufacturing, 2025-09); ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Processing sawlogs into parquet blanks(FACULTY OF FOREST INDUSTRY – UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY – SOFIA, 2024-12); ; ; ; The term parquet refers to a floor covering made of solid wood, consisting of interconnected slats in a horizontal plane. A parquet strip is the principal constructional element of the parquet. This wooden strip is obtained as a result of processing the flooring blank. In the sawmill processing of the sawlogs, the flooring blanks are sawn from the sawlogs, mostly in the radial and tangential direction. For such a purpose, sawlogs from domestic species and foreign species are used. Most dominant in this manner are the hardwood species, although softwood species can be used too. Among the domestic species, the most are beech, oak, acacia, elm, ash, and from the softwood species pine and larch. The paper focuses on the maximum quantitative yield of beech and oak sawlogs intended for processing into parquet blanks. The sawing was conducted on a bandsaw. The blanks were with a thickness of 25,0 mm. The sawlogs belonged to the I, II, and III quality classes. A total of 12 sawlogs were processed, 6 from beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and 6 from oak (Quercus robur). All sawlogs were with a constant length of 3,0 m. The mean diameter for beech and oak sawlogs was in the range of 34,0 to 36,0 cm. The average value for the quantitative yield for beech sawlogs from I, II, and III quality classes was 37,90%. For the oak sawlogs from I, II, and III quality classes the average value of the quantitative yield was 39,40%. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Yield comparison of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and fir/spruce (Abies alba Mill./Picea abies L.) logs in the sawmill processing industry(Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior - Skopje, 2025-12); ; ; Sawmilling technology in Macedonia is primarily characterised by small- to medium-capacity sawmills, many of which operate with mixed species and variable equipment configurations. These sawmills typically process between 1500 and 5000 m³ of roundwood annually and play a crucial role in the domestic wood industry. The technology employed often includes vertical bandsaws for primary sawing and simple layouts for material flow. Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and fir/spruce (Abies alba Mill./Picea abies L.) are among the most commonly processed species, representing a significant share of the raw material input due to their abundance, accessibility, and economic relevance. Beech is predominantly used in furniture production, while fir/spruce is more common in construction and structural applications. This paper presents a focused comparative analysis of raw material yield efficiency between beech and fir/spruce logs in a primary processing setting. The study was conducted at the MARKISTO sawmill in Leskoec, Ohrid, a representative facility within the North Macedonian context, operating with a capacity of 2,500–3,000 m³ per year. A total of 160 logs from two standardised lengths (4.0 m and 5.0 m) and I, II, and III quality classes—80 from each species—were analysed. The objective was to quantify and compare the percentage yield of sawn timber relative to log volume, under real production conditions, without altering existing workflows. Key influencing factors such as log diameter, taper, and wood defects were recorded and assessed. Results indicated that fir/spruce logs generally achieved higher yield rates than beech, particularly in the higher quality classes. For instance, Class I fir/spruce logs yielded up to 10–15% more usable lumber compared to Class I beech logs, mainly due to more uniform structure and lower waste values. In contrast, beech logs, especially from lower quality classes, were more affected by natural defects like heart checks and curvature, reducing the quantitative yield despite similar or larger diameters. The study confirms that both species and log quality significantly affect sawmill efficiency and that careful log selection and classification are essential for optimising material recovery. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Impact of feed rate on roughness of the cut surface, during cutting dry beech and spruce wood with a circular saw(Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia, Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior, Skopje, 2025-11); ; ; The precision of wood processing and the quality of the machined surface are critical factors in achieving the desired processing outcomes. These factors are influenced by a variety of parameters, among which the feed rate during mechanical processing plays a significant role in determining the surface roughness of the cut. Surface roughness, often caused by tool marks, affects subsequent hydrothermal treatments and other mechanical processes, ultimately reducing the efficiency of wood usage when it is too high. For this purpose, in this paper, the dependence of the feed rate on the roughness of beech and spruce wood during the cutting of dry wood with a circular saw is investigated, with the intention of determining the optimal cutting conditions for obtaining lower values of the roughness. In this research, three different feed rates were applied (U1 = 12 m·min-1 , U2 = 16 m·min-1 and U3 = 20 m·min-1 ) for a constant cutting height of 15 mm in dry beech and spruce wood with moisture content W = 10 ± 1%. The measurements were made with a circular saw with a diameter of cutting tool D = 250 mm, a number of teeth Z = 40 and a width of the cut b = 3.2 mm. The number of rounds was n = 5500 min-1 . Roughness measurements were taken with a digital comparator, according to the Rmax criterion. The obtained results showed a pronounced significance and a directly proportional dependence of the roughness of the cut surface on the feed rate - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Impact of feed rate on roughness of the cut surface and energy consumption during cutting dry beech wood with a circular saw(FACULTY OF FOREST INDUSTRY – UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY – SOFIA, 2024); The feed rate during mechanical processing of wood is one of the factors that has a high influence on the roughness of the cut surface and energy consumption. The roughness of the cut surface caused by traces of the cutting tool has an influence on the hydrothermal treatment and all other mechanical treatments of the wood. Greater roughness, due to faster evaporation of moisture from the wood, increases the percentage of drying errors. On the other hand, higher roughness values decrease the lumber yield. Energy consumption is an indicator of the cutting resistance and it depends directly proportionally, or inversely proportionally when the thickness value of the sawdust is less than 0.1 mm. At the same time, the teeth do not cut the wood and they do not create sawdust but wood dust. In this research, three different feed rates were applied (U1=12 m·min-1, U2=16 m·min-1 and U3=20 m·min-1) for a constant cutting height of 45 mm in dry beech wood with moisture content W=10±1%. The measurements were made with a circular saw with diameter of cutting tool D=250 mm, number of teeth Z=40 and width of the cut b=3,2 mm. The number of rounds was n=5500 min-1. Roughness measurements were taken with a digital comparator, according to the Rmax criterion. Measurement data for energy consumption were taken with a clamp amperemeter. The obtained results showed a pronounced significance, directly proportional dependence of the roughness of the cut surface and energy consumption on the feed rate - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Resistance of wooden lacquered surface to scratching(Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia, Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior, Skopje, 2019); Jevtic, PetronijeIn this study the resistance of lacquered wood surfaces to scratching was analyzed. The samples for varnishing were previously prepared by second level and third level of grinding. Further, the samples were surface treated with unadventurous 2K polyurethane coating and modified 2K alkyd urethane coating. The aim of this study is to determine which of the used coatings will give a better resistance to scratching. The test results indicate that surfaces treated with modified 2K alkyd urethane coating give greater resistance to scratching compared to the surfaces treated with unadventurous 2K polyurethane coating - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Resistance of wooden lacquered surface to abrasion(Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia, Faculty of Design and Technologies of Furniture and Interior, Skopje, 2021)In this study, the resistance of lacquered wood surfaces to abrasion was analyzed. The samples for varnishing were previously prepared by the second level and third level of grinding. Further, the samples were surface treated with 2K polyurethane coating and modified 2K alkyd-urethane coating. This study aims to determine which of the used coatings will give better resistance to abrasion. The test results show that surfaces treated with modified 2K alkyd-urethane coating give greater resistance to abrasion compared to the surfaces treated with 2K polyurethane coating - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, IMPACT OF FEED RATE ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION DURING CUTTING DRY BEECH WOOD WITH A CIRCULAR SAW(Faculty of forestry and wood technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia, 2023-12); The feed rate during mechanical processing of wood is one of the factors that has a high impact on energy consumption. Energy consumption is an indicator of cutting resistance and depends directly proportionally, that is, inversely proportionally when the thickness of the sawdust is less than 0,1mm. At the same time, the teeth do not cut the wood, i.e. they do not create sawdust but wood dust. The friction of the teeth on the wood is increased, the temperature in the contact zone increases and the teeth blunted quickly. For this purpose, this paper investigates the dependence of the feed rate on the energy consumption of beech wood, when cutting dry wood with a circular saw, with the intention of determining the optimal cutting conditions for obtaining optimal values of energy consumption. In this research, three different feed rates were applied (U1=12mmin-1, U2=16mmin-1 and U3=20mmin-1) for a constant cutting height of 45mm in dry beech wood with humidity of W=10±1%. The measurements were made with a circular saw with a diameter of D=250mm, number of teeths Z=80 and width of the cut b=3,2mm. The number of revolutions is n=5500 min-1. Measurement data for energy consumption were taken with a clamp ampermeter. The obtained results show a pronounced significance, i.e. directly proportional dependence of the energy consumption on the feed rate - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Al-based optimization of surface roughness in wood band sawing using polynomial regression and differential evolution(AAB College, Pristina, Kosovo, 2025-05); Jevtoska, ElenaThis study presents an artificial intelligence–assisted optimization framework for minimizing surface roughness (Rₘₐₓ) in wood band sawing. A third-order Polynomial Regression Model (PRM-3) was developed and trained on experimentally collected data obtained under varied cutting conditions, including angle, height, and feed rate. To ensure robust generalization, configurations with a 60° cutting angle were deliberately excluded from training and used solely for out-of-sample validation. PRM-3 was integrated with the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to identify optimal process configurations. For comparative purposes, a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model was also implemented to evaluate the relative generalization capability. Results confirmed the superior performance of PRM-3 in terms of accuracy, stability, and generalization, compared to GPR, demonstrating high potential for deployment in intelligent wood machining applications. The proposed framework represents a valuable integration of interpretable modeling and automated optimization for surface quality control in industrial settings - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Resistance of surfaces treated with 2K polyurethane and 2K acryl-izocyanate coatings to dry heat(FDTME-Skopje, 2013-05); Jaic, MilanThis paper studies the resistance of treated surfaces to the action of dry heat, by observing the changes of the surfaces for a predefined temperature. The surfaces of solid wood samples were treated with two types of coatings: 2K polyurethane and 2K acryl-izocyanate coating. The aim of this study was to determine which of the coatings applied will give a better resistance to dry heat for given temperatures. The test results indicate that the dry heat causes damage with different intensity to the treated surfaces. The surfaces treated with 2K acryl-izocyanate coating show higher resistance than the surfaces treated with 2K polyurethane coating, i.e. the latter areless resistant to the action of dry heat. By applying modified polyurethane coatings, better resistance of surfaces to dry heat is achieved