Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health

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First normative reference of standing long jump indicates gender difference in lower muscular strength of Macedonian school children
(Scientific Research Publishing, Inc., 2014)
Gontarev, Seryozha
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Zivkovic, Vujica
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Velickovska, Lence A.
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Background: This is the first study to publish the normative reference values for assessment of the level of muscular strength through the “standing long jump” test carried out on a large sample of Macedonian school children. The normative values encompass a wide span of years (6 - 18). Methods: The research was realized in a large sample of 12618 school children at the age of 6 to 18 years from Macedonia. The sample was divided in 14 groups, according to chronological age and each age group was divided into two subgroups according to the criteria of gender. For estimation of the morphologic characteristics, the following anthropometric measures have been applied: body height in standing position (cm), body weight (kg), as well as the body mass index (BMI). Children aged 6 or above were invited to take a standing long jump test. Results: Boys show statistically better results in all age categories in the standing long jump test than girls, and these differences become bigger with the increase of age, especially after the 14th year (p < 0.000). Results from the linear regressive analysis show that the constants in predicting the standing long jump are similar both in boys and in girls. However, the age coefficient in boys is two times higher than that in girls. The Body Mass Index, as a factor, influences two times more in boys in predicting the standing long jump, which indicates that the body size in boys has bigger inverse impacts on the results of the standing long jump than that in girls. Conclusion: Normative reference values shall provide proper assessment and interpretation of the level of muscular strength of the Macedonian school children in terms of the age and gender, accurate detection of progress of an individual as well as undertaking preventive measures and level of intervention
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Anthropometrical Characteristics and Somatotype of Young Macedonian Soccer Players
(SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), 2016-03)
Gontarev, Seryozha
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Kalac, Ruzdija
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Zivkovic, Vujica
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Ameti, Vullnet
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Redjepi, Agim
The success in sport performance is closely related to the physical condition of the sportsman. In the assessment of the physical status except physiological and fitness parameters, significant influence have the anthropometric parameters. The aim of the study was dual: to assess the changes in the anthropometric characteristics and the somatotype of young soccer players at different ages and to compare these characteristics with the general population. The analyzed measurements of 486 young soccer players who play in teams of the First national league, with an average age 15.8±1.4. The soccer players were divided into five subgroups, at age difference of 1 year. In the sample height, weight, BMI index, diameters, volumes and skin folds were measured, also the body composition and the somatotype were calculated. Boys from 14 years were lower and had less tendencies of other age groups. From 16 years onwards there were no differences in the measurements which means that the respondents gradually get the look of adult players. All skin folds for young Macedonian players (except the skin folds of the scapula) decrease with age and compared to the peers from normal population are lower. For young players in all age groups dominate the mesomorphic component, and lower values have the endomorphic component, in regards to peers in the general population. The obtained results can serve as normative anthropometric indicators for regular sports medical examinations of young players in our country, or can be used as a template for comparison of the anthropometric and somatotype information of young players at a similar level of different countries.
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The association between high blood pressure, physical fitness and fatness in adolescents
(ARAN Ediciones, 2017-02-01)
Gontarev Seryozha
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Kalac, Ruzdija
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Zivkovic, Vujica
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Velickovska, Lence A
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Telai, Besnik
ntroduction: Hypertension is a health problem that is of national importance. It is a major risk factor for the occurrence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal diseases that are leading or among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity as in ours, as in the most developed and less developed countries. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation of cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity, blood pressure and hypertension for adolescents. Material and methods: The research was realized on a sample of 4,051 boys and girls at the age of 11 to 14 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by using a three minute step test, while the percentage of body fat was determined by bioelectrical impedance method. Blood pressure was measured three times at intervals of 60 seconds, and the result was the median value of the three measurements. The measurements were performed in a separate room with optimum ambient conditions. The relation between hypertension, cardiorespiratory fitness and fat was determined by correlation and multi-nominal logistic regressive analysis. Results: Boys had higher systolic pressure and lower diastolic pressure compared to girls. The low level of cardiorespiratory fitness and high percentage of body fat were independently associated with an increased risk of blood pressure and hypertension for both boys and girls. The interaction was established between the percentage of body fat and fitness. Conclusion: The results should be taken into account for building strategies and recommendations for improvement of lifestyle and health for adolescents.
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Position Specific Morphological Characteristics of Top-level Male Macedonian Handball Players
(Kamla Raj Enterprises, 2017-05-04)
Gontarev Seryozha
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Kalac, Ruzdija
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Zivkovic, Vujica
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Velickovska, Lence A.
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Telai, Besnik
The research was realized on a sample of 133 top handball senior players with the main objective toanalyze the anthropometric characteristics and somatotype components in terms of the position at whi ch they play in the team. Within the statistical analysis the basic descript ive parameters are being calcula ted and a univariate analysis of variance and post-hoc analysis are applied. A general mesomorphic athletic is obtained with obvious longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton, even compared to the bone and muscle tissue and slightly higher values of fat and endomorphic component especially for goalkeepers and the pivot. The external lateral players and the goalkeepers are characterized by dominant pronounced longitudinal dimensionality, bone composition and voluminosity. The wing players have lower longitudinal dimensionality, while the central players are characterized with pronounced voluminosity and somewhat larger amounts of fat tissue.
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The Effect of Aerobic Physical Activity in Adrenaline Level in White Laboratory Rats
(2020-04)
Gashi, Arbnore Ibrahimaj
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Gontarev, Seryozha
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Zivkovic, Vujica
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Gjorgovski, Icko
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Azemi, Arjeta
Physical activity is one important factor in the nervous system of animals, it may affect the structure also the function of the brain. Regular aerobic exercises have a good effect on the whole body and thus improves the sense of well-being.
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The effect of regular aerobic activity on cortisol levels in female Wistar rats
(Biomedical Research and Therapy, 2021-02-28)
Ibrahimaj Gashi, Arbnore
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Azemi, Arjeta
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Zivkovic, Vujica
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Gontarev, Serjoza
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Gjorgovski, Icko
<jats:p>Introduction: Physical inactivity has been identified as a major risk factor for global mortality, causing approximately 2 million deaths globally, whereas the physical activity of moderate intensity has significant benefits for health. Exposure to stress results in changes in the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, as well as behavioral changes which allow an organism to adapt to environmental changes. This study aimed to assess changes in cortisol levels and body temperature in rats after forced swim tests. Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group (n = 10; not subjected to a forced swim test) and an experimental group (n = 10; subjected to a forced swim test). The forced swim test (60-90 min) was given to the experimental group for 21 days. Body temperature was measured rectally every day, and blood was taken from the animals on the 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st days of the experiment to determine cortisol levels using a Mouse/Rat Cortisol ELISA protocol. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference in the cortisol level between the groups on day 21 (p < 0.05). We found a significant reduction in the recurrent temperature after exposure to physical stress. Conclusions: Regular aerobic activity at a submaximal level for 21 days can reduce the hormonal stress response in female Wistar rats.</jats:p>

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