Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering

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Clone dependent reaction of chestnuts to infections of hypovirulent Cryphonectria parasitica isolates
(УКИМ Шумарски факултет - Скопје, 2017-10)
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Srebrova, Katerina
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Papazova-Anakieva, Irena
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Risteski, Mihajlo
The devastating effects of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica have been controlled with relative success in Europe due to the natural spread of hypovirulence. This phenomenon is caused by dsRNA viruses named CHV, and in particular the Italian subtype of type CHV1 has proved to be with best results. In our study, we investigated host dependency at clonal level to canker size and morphology/fructification, as well as if hypovirulent isolates of differing virulence will cause significantly different sizes of cankers, and possibly variability in conidiation (hypovirus-isolate dependent). For this purpose, we converted 1 virulent isolate (Smo062B) with 2 hypovirus clones (J12 and Sk28, labeled HV1 and HV2 respectively, for this study) previously described as being of different virulence towards the host fungus. The obtained hypovirulent isolates were used for inoculations of thin chestnut (1,5 – 5cm diam.) stems within chestnut clusters. The trials were performed on 2 separate sites, on a total of 78 inoculation (39 pairs) in Brezno (25 clusters), and 68 (34 pairs) on 10 clusters in Kalishte. For comparison of the reaction of the host plants to hypovirulent isolates, both hypovirulent isolates were inoculated in stems of exact width on the same chestnut clusters (i.e. stems), multiple times per cluster, up to 18 (i.e. 9 pairs) in Kalishte and 6 (i.e. 3 pairs) in Brezno. Control inoculations were with virulent isolate Smo062B. 140 days after inoculation cankers were assessed for conidiation and their width and length were measured. Stromata were collected from all fruiting cankers, and used for reisolation. Obtained cultures were determined as hypovirulent or virulent depending on culture morphology. Canker surface area was highly dependent on the host clone. In Kalishte, surface area of cankers caused by HV2 ranged on average per cluster from 408mm2 , up to 3020mm2 . In Brezno, the range was even more pronounced with HV2 cankers ranging from 131mm2 up to 3159mm2 on average per cluster of chestnut stems. Cankers caused by HV1 were on average with a significantly smaller surface area when compared to cankers caused by HV2. The extreme case was in cluster 9 in Kalishta, were the average surface of cankers caused by HV1 were 560mm2 , while HV2 caused cankers with nearly 4 times bigger area (3020mm2 ). Similarly, in Brezno, canker area in clonal stems for HV1 on average was 245mm2 , and for HV2 was 1677mm2 . Counterintuitively, the smaller cankers, caused by HV1 containing the more virulent hypovirus (J12) produced as often or more spore baring stromata as isolates containing the less virulent hypovirus. This partially explains the spread and sustainability of even very virulent hypoviruses within populations of C. parasitica.
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First records and general distribution of the plane tree lace bug (Corytucha ciliata) and the sycamore seed bug (Belonochilus numenius) in Kosovo
(University of Forestry, Sofia, 2021-05)
Muja, Ibrahim
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Risteski, Mihajlo
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Srebrova, Katerina
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The oriental plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.) is a common natural floristic element in Southern Balkans (Albania, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia and Kosovo,) and is widely used in urban greenspace, as is also London plane tree (P. x acerifolia), especially in the last 2-3 decades. Unfortunately, both tree species are increasingly threatened by plant pathogenic fungi (Apiognomonia veneta (Sacc. & Speg.) Höhn; Ceratocystis platani (Walter) Engelbrecht & Harrington), as well as insect pests (Corythucha ciliata Say). The invasive plane tree lace bug (C. ciliata) and the sycamore seed bug (Belonochilus numenius Say), are Nearctic insect species which were firstly reported in Europe in 1964 and 2008, respectively. Both have spread in most plane tree regions of Europe and in the Balkans as well. The recent find of the seed bug in North Macedonia (2019) and its widespread presence, as well as omnipresence and high population density of the plane tree lace bug in that country (unpublished), prompted us to inspect urban and peri-urban plane trees in Kosovo, for which there are no previous records of these insects. During early October 2019 we registered presence of both insect species in urban and periurban plane tree populations Kosovo. Specimens were collected from all visited sites in Prishtina, Gjakova, Pegja, Uroshevac and Prizren from leaves and seed balls of P. x acerifolia and in the case of Prishtina from P. orientalis, and were identified in compliance to morphological characteristics typical for C. ciliata and B. numenius. Populations of C. ciliata were generally high, in extreme cases over 200 individuals (adults and larvae of all stages) per individual leaf. Further research is underway for detailed assessment of the distribution of both insect species on the total territory of Kosovo, as well as for establishment of population density, especially of C. ciliata which can pose a serious threat to the health status of plane populations. Although both species are well established and have been overlooked for many years (B. numenius) and many decades (C. ciliata), these are the first records for both the plane tree lace bug and the sycamore seed bug in Kosovo.
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Influence of elevation on some structural elements of Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Gris.) stands in National Park Pelister in North Macedonia
("Hans Em" Faculty for Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Skopje, 2022-06)
Tanovski, Vladimir
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Risteski, Mihajlo
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Cokoski, Kristijan
The influence of elevation on the forest development and also on more structural elements are evident. This paper research the influence of elevation on the relationship between diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), crown length (L) and steam volume (V). In the area of National Park Pelister in North Macedonia, we established 6 circle experimental plots (EP) at 1150 m a.s.l., 7 at 1350 m a.s.l. and 9 at 1550 m a.s.l. total 22 EP with an area of 500 m2 each of them in the evenage Pinus peuce Gris. stands with an average age of 90 years. It was measured DBH, tree height, and crown length at 481 trees in all EP. We determined the connection between DBH and H thought height model from Prodan. It was prepared nonlinear (polynomial) regression for the relation between DBH and L and nonlinear (Power) regression for the relation between DBH and V. Also, were calculated quadratic mean of DBH, average Loray height, average crown ratio, and the density of the stands. The steam volume was calculated with a formula from the volume table from Parishko for Pinus peuce Gris. The relationship between DBH and H, L, V was tested with Pearson correlation and root mean square deviation (RMSE). The differences between data of H, L, V from the EP were tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a single factor. All statistical analyses were done with Excel, Statsoft Statistica, R (CranRstudio) software. The density of stands is 490, 429 and 409 trees per ha on 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. The average DBH is 39.8 cm, 46.5 cm and 45.5 cm and Loray height is 23.9 m, 24.1 m and 22.6 m at 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. Crown ratio points out different results on the different elevation, thus average value of 40.5 %, 43.7 %, 39.3 % at 1150 m a.s.l., 1350 m a.s.l. and at 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. The differences between data are significantly p<0.05 and F of 3.4, at data of H, with p<0.05 and F 3.2 for data of L and p<0.05 with F of 9.7 for data of V. In that way, H has a bigger regression model at a lower elevation, the tree has a longer crown length at lower elevation and also has more biomass at lower elevation. The regression model of Prodan for H has а significance correlation index of 0.85, 0.80, 0.79 and RMSE of 6.55, 8.04, 6.18 for 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m respectively. The polynomial regression model for the connection between DBH and L has a correlation of 0.80, 0.81, 0.69 and RMSE of 59 8.31, 10.40 and 10.77 for 1150 m, 1350 m, 1550 m respectively. The power regression model for DBH and V has a correlation of 0.99, for all elevations and RMSE of 1.08, 1.48, 0.75 for 1150, 1350, 1550 m respectively. From the results can be concluded that the elevation has an influence on DBH, H, L and V as structural elements and also has an influence on the whole development of stands. It can be said that at higher elevation trees has a smaller height, DBH, volume and have longer crown length than trees at lower elevation.
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Legal solutions regarding the management of game and hunting grounds in R. North Macedonia, R. Serbia, R. Croatia, R. Slovenia and R. Bulgaria
("Hans Em" Faculty for Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Skopje, 2022-06)
Cokoski, Kristijan
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Maletic, Vladimir
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Tanoski, Vladimir
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Risteski, Mihajlo
The influence of elevation on the forest development and also on more structural elements are evident. This paper research the influence of elevation on the relationship between diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), crown length (L) and steam volume (V). In the area of National Park Pelister in North Macedonia, we established 6 circle experimental plots (EP) at 1150 m a.s.l., 7 at 1350 m a.s.l. and 9 at 1550 m a.s.l. total 22 EP with an area of 500 m2 each of them in the evenage Pinus peuce Gris. stands with an average age of 90 years. It was measured DBH, tree height, and crown length at 481 trees in all EP. We determined the connection between DBH and H thought height model from Prodan. It was prepared nonlinear (polynomial) regression for the relation between DBH and L and nonlinear (Power) regression for the relation between DBH and V. Also, were calculated quadratic mean of DBH, average Loray height, average crown ratio, and the density of the stands. The steam volume was calculated with a formula from the volume table from Parishko for Pinus peuce Gris. The relationship between DBH and H, L, V was tested with Pearson correlation and root mean square deviation (RMSE). The differences between data of H, L, V from the EP were tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a single factor. All statistical analyses were done with Excel, Statsoft Statistica, R (CranRstudio) software. The density of stands is 490, 429 and 409 trees per ha on 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. The average DBH is 39.8 cm, 46.5 cm and 45.5 cm and Loray height is 23.9 m, 24.1 m and 22.6 m at 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. Crown ratio points out different results on the different elevation, thus average value of 40.5 %, 43.7 %, 39.3 % at 1150 m a.s.l., 1350 m a.s.l. and at 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. The differences between data are significantly p<0.05 and F of 3.4, at data of H, with p<0.05 and F 3.2 for data of L and p<0.05 with F of 9.7 for data of V. In that way, H has a bigger regression model at a lower elevation, the tree has a longer crown length at lower elevation and also has more biomass at lower elevation. The regression model of Prodan for H has а significance correlation index of 0.85, 0.80, 0.79 and RMSE of 6.55, 8.04, 6.18 for 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m respectively. The polynomial regression model for the connection between DBH and L has a correlation of 0.80, 0.81, 0.69 and RMSE of 59 8.31, 10.40 and 10.77 for 1150 m, 1350 m, 1550 m respectively. The power regression model for DBH and V has a correlation of 0.99, for all elevations and RMSE of 1.08, 1.48, 0.75 for 1150, 1350, 1550 m respectively. From the results can be concluded that the elevation has an influence on DBH, H, L and V as structural elements and also has an influence on the whole development of stands. It can be said that at higher elevation trees has a smaller height, DBH, volume and have longer crown length than trees at lower elevation.
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Induced mass conidia production in hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica on excised chestnut stems as means of biological control of chestnut blight
(Conference: IUFRO 125th Anniversary Cogress, 2017-09)
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Marin Jezic
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Mirna Ćurković-Perica
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Zorana Katanic
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Phytophthora species associated with woody plants in Macedonia Material and methods (Collection)
(Conference: IUFRO 125th Anniversary Cogress, 2017-09)
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Steve Woodward
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Marin Jezic
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Mirna Ćurković-Perica
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Biological Control of Chestnut Blight - Efficiency of Natural Hypovirulence Callusing of a canker due to hypovirus infection
(Conference: Sustainable Forestry: Fact or Fiction?; 70 year anniversary Faculty of Forestry in Skopje, 2017-10)
Janine Schwarz
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Marin Jezic
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Mirna Ćurković-Perica
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Simone Prospero
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PHYTOPHTHORA SPP. ISOLATED FROM CHESTNUT POPULATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
(Sustainable Forestry: Fact or Fiction?; 70 year anniversary Faculty of Forestry in Skopje, 2017-10)
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Daniel Rigling
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Kuzmanovska Biljana
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Marin Jezic

Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering

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