Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering
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Item type:Publication, Urban hedges – an important green element in the system of landscape design(Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, 2022-06-15); ; ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Criteria for Evaluation of Urban Green Spaces: A Case of Macedonian Cities(Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, 2022-06-15); ; The constant growth of cities, their densification, the increase in the number of inhabitants, the problems with pollution of all kinds and the conditions caused by climate change, increase the pressure on the quality of life in urban areas. The commitment to achieving sustainable urban development is a globally accepted concept, but its implementation, in many respects, is a major challenge. Most often, the quality of life in cities is measured or evaluated through developed sets of criteria and indicators, the establishment of which is expected to be easier assessment and comparability at local and global level. Macedonia has long been in the "race" for sustainable and green cities, but in determining the policies for providing, planning, financing, construction and maintenance of urban green spaces, there is a lack of applicable set of criteria and indicators for their evaluation. Hence, this paper aims to examine the conditions for establishing operational criteria for the assessment of public urban green spaces in our country, regarding to economic, social and environmental issues. The research was conducted through review and analysis of: theoretical basis, legislation, experiences from other cities and local characteristics. The results of the paper would provide guidance for establishing a set of criteria and indicators that would help all stakeholders involved in the process of creating sustainable cities and specifically urban green spaces, to improve the quality of life in Macedonian cities. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Correct planning and proper landscape design - key to quality urban life Case Study: Macedonia Park, Skopje, North Macedonia(Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, 2022-06-15); ; ; With the modernization of urban areas, green spaces are reduced, and the importance of the existing ones is rapidly increasing. The point is not just to have open green spaces in the cities but to have multifunctional and multipurpose parks. Whether a green place is successful depends on urban planning and landscape design. The correct planning and the proper landscape design of urban parks are key to quality urban life. The subject of analysis in this research is the planning and landscape design of the first part of Macedonia Park in Skopje, North Macedonia. The goal is to determine whether this area is functional and aesthetically beautiful at the same time. The analysis addresses several different aspects (its functionality, depending on the elements it contains; the safety of its visitors; plant species selection and the layout of the plants related to the functionality and the aesthetic appearance of the park). The results show that Macedonia Park (First part) is a multifunctional and multipurpose green area. Even though there are parts with different elements in the park which satisfy visitors with different interests of all ages, some mistakes or failures made in its planning and landscape designing are noticeable. Some of them refer to the safety of the visitors, some of the plant species selection and the others on the layout of the plants related to the functionality of the park. Also, there are errors in using some of the basic principles of landscape design, such as focalization, simplicity and rhythm and line. The aspects taken into consideration in the analysis in this paper include the potentialities and challenges of planning, designing and improving city parks in urban areas like Skopje. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, EXPLOITING THE UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF FRUIT TREE WILD DIVERSITY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (FRUITDIV PROJECT)(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2025-10-08); ; ; The domestication of fruit trees has resulted in a significant genetic bottleneck, limiting the resilience of modern cultivars to abiotic and biotic stresses driven by climate change. Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) of major pome (apple, pear) and stone (cherry, plum, etc.) fruits represent a critical, yet underutilized, reservoir of genetic diversity for traits like disease resistance and drought tolerance. The FRUITDIV project, a 5-year Horizon Europe initiative (2024-2028), aims to systematically monitor, characterize, use, and conserve the diversity of fruit tree CWR to enhance the sustainability and climate resilience of European fruit production. A multidisciplinary consortium of 27 partners from 14 countries employs an integrated approach across six core research work packages. This includes: (1) creating a comprehensive CWR inventory; (2) advanced genotypic and ex-situ phenotypic characterization; (3) developing multi-omics resources for data analysis and sharing; and (4) using these data to strategically introduce CWR alleles into pre-breeding programs. FRUITDIV will generate and make publicly available a suite of resources, including a detailed CWR knowledge base, genomic datasets, phenotyping data on valuable agronomic traits, and novel pre-breeding plant materials. The project will also deliver frameworks for the sustainable conservation and economic valuation of CWR genetic resources. By bridging the gap between conservation and breeding, FRUITDIV will unlock the genetic potential of wild fruit species. The project's outputs are designed to provide breeders and farmers with the tools and genetic material needed to develop robust fruit varieties, ensuring the long-term productivity and sustainability of European agriculture. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Enhancing the Environmental Impact of Roundabouts as a part of Urban Green Infrastructure: A Case Study of Skopje , North Macedonia(Forest Research Institute – BAS, 2023-10-19); Urban green infrastructure plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of urban life by incorporating diverse green areas. Roundabouts, as integral elements of urban landscapes, have gained global popularity in recent decades due to their traffic management benefits. However, their potential to improve environmental quality is now receiving increasing attention. This paper examines the environmental impact of six roundabouts in Skopje, North Macedonia, located across different parts of the city. It highlights the significance of these roundabouts as green spaces within the urban green infrastructure network and evaluates their landscape design and constituent elements. All six roundabouts studied are integrated into the urban green infrastructure network, contributing approximately 7000 m² of green area. While grass cover is present in all of them, three roundabouts incorporate low vegetation, and the remaining three feature a combination of low and high vegetation. However, the prevalent excessive use of unsustainable annual flowering plants poses economic challenges. In addition, inadequate maintenance practices and poor plant selection, lacking resistance to harmful automotive emissions, have resulted in suboptimal conditions for many plants. Recommendations are given to optimise the functionality, sustainability, and biodiversity of roundabouts while maintaining aesthetic appeal. By adopting a strategic and holistic approach, urban planners can enhance the environmental impact of roundabouts, ensuring their integration into a cohesive and resilient urban green infrastructure network. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, From grey to green squares. Fighting climate change.(ECLAS 2022 --- University of Ljubljana, 2022-09-12); ; Čukanović, JelenaDue to urbanization cities are constantly expanding, often at the expense of green areas. This reduction of greenery can be seen on the examples of six historical squares in two countries: The Square of liberty, Trifković square and Gallery square in Novi Sad, Serbia and Macedonia square, Karposh uprising square, and Old train station square in Skopje, North Macedonia. Since they are under the urban heat island effect, in order to improve the microclimate and mitigate the effects of climate change, this paper proposes a green design model applicable to similar squares that deal with the lack of greenery. This paper deals with the past, present, and future state of the appearance and function of the mentioned squares and their grey/green values. After collecting historical data, field observation was conducted with the implementation of checklists on spatial features, user activity, and vegetation which yielded data on the quality of the analyzed area. The results showed that these squares are “grey” – have a high share of impermeable paved surfaces and a low amount of greenery. As these locations are on important city points, implementing a green design would increase their eligibility for the city’s greenery system and improve their ecological role. The creation of a design model that is universal and applicable to other “grey” squares is our main goal. This model will have in common features such as usage of water and heat permeable surfaces, planting resistant trees in sunlit areas which increase shade and planting grass areas that allow unhindered wind movement through the square. The model is widely applied because transforming “grey” to green squares improves the local microclimate and including green squares into the cities greenery system creates a wider effect on a large scale by mitigating climate change effects such as urban heat island. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ECO-ROUNDABOUTS: ASSESSING AND AMPLIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS IN SKOPJE’S URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE(НАУКА ЗА ГОРАТА, 2024); Within the context of Skopje’s urban green infrastructure, this paper investigates the environmental contributions of six strategically positioned roundabouts, called Eco-roundabouts. Emphasizing their pivotal role within the urban green infrastructure network, the study evaluates landscape design, constituent elements and the collective impact on approximately 7000 m² of green space. All roundabouts integrate grass cover, three of them include low vegetation and the remaining three have a combination of low and high vegetation. Noteworthy is the prevalent use of unsustainable annual flowering plants, presenting economic challenges. Ineffectual maintenance practices and plants exposure to automotive emissions further compromise optimal conditions for proper growth. The paper offers recommendations to optimize functionality, sustainability and biodiversity, addressing economic concerns and enhancing aesthetic appeal. The study advocates for a strategic and holistic approach, offering guidance to urban planners and landscape designers in maximizing the environmental benefits of Eco-roundabouts, providing their seamless integration into Skopje’s resilient urban green infrastructure network. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ВАЛОРИЗАЦИЈА УРБАНИХ ЗЕЛЕНИХ ПРОСТОРА КРОЗ ПРИМЕРЕ ПАРКОВА У СКОПЉУ, РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА(2025-08-01)Валоризација урбаних зелених простора није само процес оцене њиховог квалитета, већ и кључни алат који омогућава дубље разумевање стварног стања, разматрање постојећих проблема и потреба грађана, као и препознавање позитивних аспеката који могу подстаћи активности усмерене ка стварању бољег и квалитетнијег животног окружења. Кроз овај процес добија се јасна слика актуелне ситуације, што омогућава да се уоче како добри, тако и лоши аспекти, те да се на основу тога развије стратегија за побољшање квалитета живота, задовољавајући потребе садашњих и будућих генерација. Ова докторска дисертација фокусира се на дефинисање сета критеријума за валоризацију урбаних зелених простора, кроз анализу седам одабраних урбаних паркова у Скопљу (Парк Македонија 1, Парк Македонија 2, Парк Македонија 3, Парк Авионче, Парк Фредерик Шопен, Парк Чаир Стадион и Парк Жена Борац). Истраживање наглашава еколошке аспекте и утицај вегетације и дизајна паркова, у циљу стварања одрживог и зеленог града. Анализирани паркови су оцењивани на основу функционалности, избора биљних врста, распореда и стања дендрофлоре, основних принципа пејзажног дизајна, као и безбедности посетилаца. Анализе обухватају различите животне форме дрвенастих биљака (дрвеће, жбуње и пузавице) детерминисаних до најнижег таксона (култивари, хибриди, форме и варијетети), њихову систематску припадност, присутност зимзелених и листопадних голосеменица и скривеносеменица порекло врсте (аутохтоне или алохтоне) и бројност инвазивних врста. Добијени квалитативни и квантитативни подаци као што су: висина, висина дебла до првих грана, прсни пречник стабала, ширина крошње, површина жбуња, бројност и заступљеност дендролошких таксона, као и њихово здравствено стање, су статистички обраћени као део квантитативне интерпретације података уз помоћ дескриптивне статистичке анализе. Израчунати су индекси биодиверзитета, укључујући алфа индексе (Шенонов, Симпсонов и Бергер-Паркеров) и Соренсенов бета индекс, како би се прецизније оценила екосистемска функција паркова. На крају, на основу свеобухватне анализе, осим сета критеријума за вредновање урбаних паркова, формулисане су 1. препоруке за планирање и пројектовање јавних градских зелених простора које се могу користити у урбанистичком планирању и пејзажној архитектури, у процесима планирања и пројектовања нових урбаних паркова и других јавних зелених простора, 2. предлог дрвенастих врста и нижих таксона за хортикултурно уређење у урбаној средини у Скопљу и 3. предлог новог критеријумакоји би допунио формирани сет, а који се односи на избор дрвенастих врста у погледу садржаја и емисије биогених испарљивих органских једињења (BVOC). Резултати показују да од три различите валоризиране категорије критеријума, најслабија страна истраживаних паркова су еколошки аспекти, у поређењу са здравственим и социо-културним. Уочене су озбиљне празнине у дизајну, као и тренд негативних промена у погледу коришћења аутохтоних врста. Док вредности алфа индекса указују да биодиверзитет дрвенастих врста није задовољавајућ у свим парковима, Соренсенов бета индекс открива позитивну перспективу, наглашавајући недостатак значајне сличности међу истраживаним парковима. Резултати указују на потребу за већом пажњом при дизајну, као и на ризике који произлазе из употребе доминантних врста и на губитак аутохтоне дендрофлоре. Истраживање алармира и на ширење одређених патогена и нарушавање виталности и декоративност индивидуа појединих врста, на постојање ризика код одређених врста да се не прилагоде климатским променама и на потребу за редовним и правилним одржавањем. Такође, наглашава значај подизања свести о безбедности посетилаца и о биофилном дизајну. Ови елементи су повезани са одрживошћу и наглашавају значај паркова као виталних урбаних компоненти које директно повезују савременог човека са природом. Узимајући у обзир да у Северној Македонији не постоји пракса спровођења валоризације зелених простора, ова докторска дисертација не представља само истраживање које анализира и оцењује урбане зелене просторе кроз примере одабраних паркова у Скопљу, већ је и први корак у борби за квалитетнији и здравији урбани живот. Ово подразумева креирање планова и организацију активности заснованих на стварним подацима и конкретним чињеницама, а не само на претпоставкама и општим препорукама о зеленој политици. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Importance of Urban Planning and Landscape Design in the Process of Creating ‘Great Places’ for Citizens - Case study of Park Macedonia 1(SEEFOR, 2025-08-28); ; ; Orlović, SašaCreating places where urban life is better and of a higher quality is one of the main tasks of the modern society. These places are called ‘great places’ and urban parks have all the predispositions to be one of them. Due to the functions they perform, they are a necessary part of every city. Urban planning and landscape design are very important in the process of creating ‘great places’ for citizens. With their proper use, successful green spaces are created, which are functional and aesthetic at the same time. This is especially important since green areas in the urban environment are becoming less numerous. The subject of analysis in this paper is urban planning and landscape design through the example of Park Macedonia 1 in Skopje, North Macedonia. The park is analysed from different aspects (functionality, safety, plant species selection, layout of the plants and the use of basic principles of landscape design) to determine if this place is a ‘great place’, i.e. whether this place at the same time functional and aesthetic. The results show that Park Macedonia 1 is a ‘great place’; however, there are some gaps in its urban planning and landscape design. These gaps are reflected in the safety of the visitors and the functionality of the park, made in the process of plant species selection and landscape designing of the park, i.e. entrances and exits, layout of plants, incorrect use of focal points, and simplicity, rhythm and line as basic principles of landscape design. Analyses of Park Macedonia 1 in terms of urban planning and landscape design and the proposals for corrections can be used in the future design of ‘great places’ in urban areas like Skopje. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Diversity of woody plants in urban parks of Skopje, North Macedonia(Hrvatsko Sumarsko Drustvo, 2025-10-01); ; Orlović, Saša<jats:p>Urban parks are crucial components of a city’s green infrastructure, offering significant benefits from both social and environmental perspectives. They provide many ecosystem services and play a key role in maintaining, preserving, and enhancing urban biodiversity. This paper analyses the woody plant diversity in three urban parks in Skopje, North Macedonia. The research identified 90 different woody plant taxa in the analyzed parks, belonging to 42 genera and 23 families. The parks have a significantly higher number of non-native taxa compared to the native ones, as well as a significantly higher number of deciduous taxa compared to evergreen taxa. Although non-native species dominate to a great extent over the native ones, there is no threat from invasive plant species in the researched parks. Furthermore, the analyses included the calculation of biodiversity indices (alpha indices: Shannon, Simpson, and Berger-Parker, and also Sørensen beta index). The results showed that none of the parks are highly significant from a biodiversity perspective. The alpha indices indicate a low to moderate biodiversity in the studied North Macedonian urban parks. On the other hand, the Sørensen beta index indicated a more positive view, emphasizing the lack of significant similarity among the studied urban parks. Nevertheless, there is a clear need to enhance the biodiversity of woody plants in urban parks in Skopje. Integrating biodiversity considerations into the process of planning, landscape design of urban parks, and their maintenance is crucial. Establishing biodiversity monitoring as a standard practice will be essential for understanding the real situation in urban parks and enabling timely interventions.</jats:p>