Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering
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Item type:Publication, First report of Cryphonectria carpinicola in the Balkans and Cryphonectria radicalis in Bulgaria("Hans Em" Faculty for Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Skopje, 2022-06); Rigling, DanielThe members of Cryphonectria are known to infect deciduous tree genera of forests, orchards and urban spaces. Its most infamous representative, C. parasitica, causes the blight disease in chestnut trees and is considered as the most aggressive Cryphonectria species in Europe. To study the invasion dynamics of C. parasitica, we have conducted sampling campaigns of symptomatic Castanea sativa in the Balkans since the mid 1990-ties. During isolation of fungi from the bark material, in some cases we encountered atypical mycelia, suggesting that different Cryphonectria species may be present in this region. The aim of this study was to identify the species of atypical cultures, excluding the well-studied C. parasitica. For this purpose, we combed through our isolate collection, preserved on dried glass filter, and recultivated up-to-25-year-old samples to obtain DNA from the cultures. If the dry samples were no longer alive, we applied forensic DNA extraction to recover DNA directly from the glass filter. We sequenced the ITS barcode of twelve atypical specimens preserved in our collection, and confirm here the presence of the recently described Cryphonectria carpinicola on a Carpinus tree from the Berkovska Stara Planina Mountain in Bulgaria, collected in 2007. Additionally, we also report the occurrence of Cryphonectria radicalis in the region of Blagoevgrad in Bulgaria isolated from C. sativa in 2005 and 2007. The oldest examined specimen dates from 1998 and is Cryphonectria radicalis from Belasitsa Mountain in North Macedonia, also previously reported. Cryphonectria carpinicola became noticeable only in the last two decades on declining hornbeam trees in urban areas of Central Europe. It shows only slight differences in morphology and anatomy to the two closely related species C. radicalis and C. naterciae, and differs from most other Cryphonectria species due to its preference for Carpinus trees as main hosts, while other Cryphonectria species are found on Castanea or Quercus trees. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Phytopthora spp. isolated from chestnut populations in the Republic of Macedonia(УКИМ Шумарски факултет - Скопје, 2017-10); - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Biological control of chestnut blight - Efficiency of natural hypovirulence(УКИМ Шумарски факултет - Скопје, 2017-10) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Biological control of chestnut blight by induced mass conidia production of hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica on excised chestnut stems(IUFRO 125th Anniversary Congress, 18 – 22 September 2017, Freiburg, Germany, 2017-09); - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Biological control of chestnut blight by induced mass conidia production of hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica on excised chestnut stems(IUFRO 125th Anniversary Congress, 18 – 22 September 2017, Freiburg, Germany, 2017-09-18); - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica in callused chestnut blight cankers on European and American chestnut(Forest Pathology, 2019-11-20); Double, MarkAbstract Infection of American and European chestnuts with the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica results in the formation of cankers, lesions caused by the growth of mycelia within bark tissue of the host plant. Infection of the fungus with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV‐1) results in conversion of the mycelial phenotype from virulent to hypovirulent, thus allowing production of callus around cankers as a reaction by infected trees, rendering active into inactive cankers. In this study, we sampled one USA and six European chestnut stands and assessed frequency of hypovirulent C. parasitica and diversity of vegetative compatibility (vc) types present in calluses and randomly sampled cankers. Callused cankers on C. dentata at West Salem in the USA yielded significantly more hypovirulent C. parasitica isolates compared with four sampled populations on C. sativa, while all six sampled European populations did not show any statistically significant differences among themselves. We observed no correlation between hypovirulence frequencies in randomly sampled cankers and calluses, as well as no correlation of C. parasitica vc type diversity in calluses and residential populations of the fungus. Furthermore, even though we have observed calluses with more than one vc type, they do not occur regularly. Even when present in C. parasitica populations with high vc type diversity, no more than three different vc types were observed in a single callus.