Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering
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Item type:Publication, Temporal and Spatial Genetic Population Structure of Cryphonectria parasitica and Its Associated Hypovirus Across an Invasive Range of Chestnut Blight in Europe(Scientific Societies, 2021-08); Risteski, Mihajlo<jats:p> Chestnut blight has spread throughout Europe since the introduction of its causal agent, Cryphonectria parasitica, >70 years ago. In our study, we analyzed the diversity of vegetative compatibility (vc) and microsatellite genotypes of C. parasitica, as well as sequence diversity of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) in six populations from Switzerland, Croatia, and North Macedonia. Resampling of local populations that were already investigated more than a decade ago allowed us to analyze the spatial and temporal population structure across an invasive range of the pathogen in Europe. Regardless of which genetic marker was used, the >60-year-old Swiss and Croatian populations had high population diversity, whereas more recent North Macedonian populations were mostly clonal. These diversity differences between the investigated populations remained stable over time. A high diversity of CHV1 was observed in all three countries, with North Macedonian strains forming a separate cluster from strains obtained in other countries. No correlation between vc diversity and CHV1 prevalence was observed, suggesting a well-established and maintained natural hypovirulence in all countries, further corroborated by an observed increase in genetic diversity of Croatian C. parasitica populations over time, without collapse of CHV1 prevalence. </jats:p> - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM (LEBERT & COHN) J. SCHRÖT AS CAUSAL AGENT OF DIEBACK OF CHESTNUT AND APPLE TREES IN MACEDONIA(Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2019-06-10); <jats:p>From 2013–2017, 11 chestnut populations and 16 apple orchards/plantations in Macedonia were examined for health; soil, root and bark samples were collected from trees expressing symptoms regarded as Phytophthora specific. Using leaf baits of Prunus laurocerasus and selective V8 Agar (PARPNH), 19 pure Phytophthora sp. cultures were isolated and identified as P. cactorum by ITS sequencing. Sixteen isolates were from apple trees and 3 from chestnut trees. Phylogenetic analyses suggested slight distance between P. cactorum isolates originating from chestnut trees compared to those from apple orchards. Assessment of pathogenicity using chestnuts twigs showed no differences be-tween P. cactorum isolates from the two tree host species.</jats:p> - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica in callused chestnut blight cankers on European and American chestnut(Wiley, 2019-11-20); Double, Mark - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM (LEBERT & COHN) J. SCHRÖT AS CAUSAL AGENT OF DIEBACK OF CHESTNUT AND APPLE TREES IN MACEDONIA(Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2019-06-10); <jats:p>From 2013–2017, 11 chestnut populations and 16 apple orchards/plantations in Macedonia were examined for health; soil, root and bark samples were collected from trees expressing symptoms regarded as Phytophthora specific. Using leaf baits of Prunus laurocerasus and selective V8 Agar (PARPNH), 19 pure Phytophthora sp. cultures were isolated and identified as P. cactorum by ITS sequencing. Sixteen isolates were from apple trees and 3 from chestnut trees. Phylogenetic analyses suggested slight distance between P. cactorum isolates originating from chestnut trees compared to those from apple orchards. Assessment of pathogenicity using chestnuts twigs showed no differences be-tween P. cactorum isolates from the two tree host species.</jats:p> - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica in callused chestnut blight cankers on European and American chestnut(Forest Pathology, 2019-11-20); Double, MarkAbstract Infection of American and European chestnuts with the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica results in the formation of cankers, lesions caused by the growth of mycelia within bark tissue of the host plant. Infection of the fungus with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV‐1) results in conversion of the mycelial phenotype from virulent to hypovirulent, thus allowing production of callus around cankers as a reaction by infected trees, rendering active into inactive cankers. In this study, we sampled one USA and six European chestnut stands and assessed frequency of hypovirulent C. parasitica and diversity of vegetative compatibility (vc) types present in calluses and randomly sampled cankers. Callused cankers on C. dentata at West Salem in the USA yielded significantly more hypovirulent C. parasitica isolates compared with four sampled populations on C. sativa, while all six sampled European populations did not show any statistically significant differences among themselves. We observed no correlation between hypovirulence frequencies in randomly sampled cankers and calluses, as well as no correlation of C. parasitica vc type diversity in calluses and residential populations of the fungus. Furthermore, even though we have observed calluses with more than one vc type, they do not occur regularly. Even when present in C. parasitica populations with high vc type diversity, no more than three different vc types were observed in a single callus. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Link between epigenetic diversity and invasive status of south-eastern European populations of phytopathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica(Environmental microbiology, 2019); Ćurković-Perica, MirnaEpigenetic modifications may play an important role in invasion and adaptation of clonal and invasive populations to different environments. The aim of this study was to analyse epigenetic diversity and structure within and among populations of invasive pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica from south-eastern Europe, where one haplotype S12 dominates. The highest level of epigenetic diversity was found in haplotype S1, followed by S2, while the lowest level of epigenetic diversity was found in haplotype S12. Similar pattern of epigenetic diversity was detected in the control, genetically diverse Croatian population where S1 haplotype dominates. In four south-eastern European populations, the highest level of epigenetic diversity was observed in the Italian population, the oldest population in the studied area, while the lowest diversity was found in most recently established Bulgarian population. This relationship between epigenetic diversity and population age implies the important role of epigenetic modifications on the process of invasion. Our data suggest that epigenetic differences might affect the success of expansion of certain haplotype into new regions. Understanding the role of epigenetic processes in expansion and (pre)adaptation of fungal plant pathogens, besides fundamental knowledge, can contribute to development of strategies for control of fungal spread and pathogenesis. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Genetic diversity of the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Central Europe and the western part of the Balkan Peninsula and evidence of marron genotype introgression into wild populations(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2017-01-19)