Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering

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Influence of elevation on some structural elements of Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Gris.) stands in National Park Pelister in North Macedonia
("Hans Em" Faculty for Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Skopje, 2022-06)
Tanovski, Vladimir
;
;
Risteski, Mihajlo
;
Cokoski, Kristijan
The influence of elevation on the forest development and also on more structural elements are evident. This paper research the influence of elevation on the relationship between diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), crown length (L) and steam volume (V). In the area of National Park Pelister in North Macedonia, we established 6 circle experimental plots (EP) at 1150 m a.s.l., 7 at 1350 m a.s.l. and 9 at 1550 m a.s.l. total 22 EP with an area of 500 m2 each of them in the evenage Pinus peuce Gris. stands with an average age of 90 years. It was measured DBH, tree height, and crown length at 481 trees in all EP. We determined the connection between DBH and H thought height model from Prodan. It was prepared nonlinear (polynomial) regression for the relation between DBH and L and nonlinear (Power) regression for the relation between DBH and V. Also, were calculated quadratic mean of DBH, average Loray height, average crown ratio, and the density of the stands. The steam volume was calculated with a formula from the volume table from Parishko for Pinus peuce Gris. The relationship between DBH and H, L, V was tested with Pearson correlation and root mean square deviation (RMSE). The differences between data of H, L, V from the EP were tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a single factor. All statistical analyses were done with Excel, Statsoft Statistica, R (CranRstudio) software. The density of stands is 490, 429 and 409 trees per ha on 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. The average DBH is 39.8 cm, 46.5 cm and 45.5 cm and Loray height is 23.9 m, 24.1 m and 22.6 m at 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. Crown ratio points out different results on the different elevation, thus average value of 40.5 %, 43.7 %, 39.3 % at 1150 m a.s.l., 1350 m a.s.l. and at 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. The differences between data are significantly p<0.05 and F of 3.4, at data of H, with p<0.05 and F 3.2 for data of L and p<0.05 with F of 9.7 for data of V. In that way, H has a bigger regression model at a lower elevation, the tree has a longer crown length at lower elevation and also has more biomass at lower elevation. The regression model of Prodan for H has а significance correlation index of 0.85, 0.80, 0.79 and RMSE of 6.55, 8.04, 6.18 for 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m respectively. The polynomial regression model for the connection between DBH and L has a correlation of 0.80, 0.81, 0.69 and RMSE of 59 8.31, 10.40 and 10.77 for 1150 m, 1350 m, 1550 m respectively. The power regression model for DBH and V has a correlation of 0.99, for all elevations and RMSE of 1.08, 1.48, 0.75 for 1150, 1350, 1550 m respectively. From the results can be concluded that the elevation has an influence on DBH, H, L and V as structural elements and also has an influence on the whole development of stands. It can be said that at higher elevation trees has a smaller height, DBH, volume and have longer crown length than trees at lower elevation.
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Legal solutions regarding the management of game and hunting grounds in R. North Macedonia, R. Serbia, R. Croatia, R. Slovenia and R. Bulgaria
("Hans Em" Faculty for Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Skopje, 2022-06)
Cokoski, Kristijan
;
Maletic, Vladimir
;
Tanoski, Vladimir
;
Risteski, Mihajlo
The influence of elevation on the forest development and also on more structural elements are evident. This paper research the influence of elevation on the relationship between diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), crown length (L) and steam volume (V). In the area of National Park Pelister in North Macedonia, we established 6 circle experimental plots (EP) at 1150 m a.s.l., 7 at 1350 m a.s.l. and 9 at 1550 m a.s.l. total 22 EP with an area of 500 m2 each of them in the evenage Pinus peuce Gris. stands with an average age of 90 years. It was measured DBH, tree height, and crown length at 481 trees in all EP. We determined the connection between DBH and H thought height model from Prodan. It was prepared nonlinear (polynomial) regression for the relation between DBH and L and nonlinear (Power) regression for the relation between DBH and V. Also, were calculated quadratic mean of DBH, average Loray height, average crown ratio, and the density of the stands. The steam volume was calculated with a formula from the volume table from Parishko for Pinus peuce Gris. The relationship between DBH and H, L, V was tested with Pearson correlation and root mean square deviation (RMSE). The differences between data of H, L, V from the EP were tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a single factor. All statistical analyses were done with Excel, Statsoft Statistica, R (CranRstudio) software. The density of stands is 490, 429 and 409 trees per ha on 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. The average DBH is 39.8 cm, 46.5 cm and 45.5 cm and Loray height is 23.9 m, 24.1 m and 22.6 m at 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. Crown ratio points out different results on the different elevation, thus average value of 40.5 %, 43.7 %, 39.3 % at 1150 m a.s.l., 1350 m a.s.l. and at 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. The differences between data are significantly p<0.05 and F of 3.4, at data of H, with p<0.05 and F 3.2 for data of L and p<0.05 with F of 9.7 for data of V. In that way, H has a bigger regression model at a lower elevation, the tree has a longer crown length at lower elevation and also has more biomass at lower elevation. The regression model of Prodan for H has а significance correlation index of 0.85, 0.80, 0.79 and RMSE of 6.55, 8.04, 6.18 for 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m respectively. The polynomial regression model for the connection between DBH and L has a correlation of 0.80, 0.81, 0.69 and RMSE of 59 8.31, 10.40 and 10.77 for 1150 m, 1350 m, 1550 m respectively. The power regression model for DBH and V has a correlation of 0.99, for all elevations and RMSE of 1.08, 1.48, 0.75 for 1150, 1350, 1550 m respectively. From the results can be concluded that the elevation has an influence on DBH, H, L and V as structural elements and also has an influence on the whole development of stands. It can be said that at higher elevation trees has a smaller height, DBH, volume and have longer crown length than trees at lower elevation.
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Detected changes of population structure within a Cryphonectria parasitica population at the site Osoj, North Macedonia, during a time-span of over two decades
("Hans Em" Faculty for Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Skopje, 2022-06)
Risteski, Mihajlo
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Cokoski, Kristijan
;
Tanovski, Vladimir
;
Cryphonectria parasitica is historically considered as one of the most threatening plant diseases, and affects several species of Castanea worldwide. Applicability and success of control measures for the pathogenic fungus, consequently for control of its impact on European sweet chestnut Castanea sativa is highly dependent on presence of hypovirulence on populational levels, as well as on the population structure characteristics, most prominently vc-type diversity. In this study we compared the main characteristics of isolates of C. parasitica collected on 2 occasions with a time gap of 22 years (1998 and 2020) from the same site Osoj in the Kicevo region, in North Macedonia. We analyzed culture morphology, v-c type, and presence of hypovirulence of 72 isolates collected in 1998 and 39 isolates in 2020, by standard methods in vitro. In terms of the v-c type, from the total of 72 isolates collected in 1998, 49 (68%) were EU-12, 22 (30,55%) were EU-2 and 1 (1,38%) was EU-1. Of the 39 isolates collected in 2020, 32 (82%) were EU-12, 7 (18%) were EU-2, and no other vc types were detected, including EU-1. In 1998, 7 (13%) out of 54 assessed isolates were designated as hypovirulent, while in 2020 the proportion of hypovirulent isolates was much increased (33.33%), i.e. 13 of the total of 39. For the two-decade time frame, v-c type EU-12 remained dominant, with an additional increment of its prevalence on the populational level. From a practical point of view, it is more important that prevalence of hypovirulence was increased by over two-fold (x 2.57). This is likely the most important reason for difficulty during collection of viable samples, ultimately leading to a much lesser number of samples collected in 2020. As a conclusion, the C. parasitica population in Osoj has not only not diversified, but the most dominant vc type has become even more established with time. The relatively high proportion of hypovirulent isolates and the large increment detected in just over two decades timeframe, is interesting to further investigate in relation to overall health status of the chestnut population in Osoj
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Comparative analysis of the hunting laws between Republic of North Macedonia and several Southeast European countries, in terms of game and hunting grounds management
(2019)
Cokoski, Kristijan
;
Maletic, Vladimir
;
Risteski, Mihajlo
ABSTRACT: In this study, we presented an analysis based on the management practices of the game and hunting grounds, comparing the hunting laws of the North Macedonia, Republic of Serbia, Republic of Croatia, Republic of Slovenia, and Republic of Bulgaria. We conducted a comparative and content analysis between North Macedonia`s hunting law, and the hunting laws implemented in the four other, above listed countries in the region. For this purpose, we analyzed the common legal acts between each of the hunting laws, and we determined the uncommon legal acts and different practices between each of the selected countries. We also determined the strengths and weaknesses in the legislation and practices aiming successful management of the game and hunting grounds. From the results of the analysis, we concluded: a) parallels in the law concepts, but still odds in the practically implemented hunting law, for each of the addressed countries, b) the legislation for hunting in the Republic of Serbia, Republic of Croatia, Republic of Slovenia, and Republic of Bulgaria, implements more common practices in comparison with the hunting law of North Macedonia, and c) the North Macedonia`s hunting law abounds with shortcomings, inconsistences and unenforceable provisions leading to major negative impacts in the practical managing with the game and hunting grounds.
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Growth and quality of Pinus nigra (Arn.), Pinus sylvestris (L.) and Pinus pinaster (Aiton) seedlings in two container types
(Reforesta, 2020-06-30)
Kolevska, Dana Dina
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Dimitrova, Anastazija
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Cokoski, Kristijan
;
Basova, Mare
In this study we investigated the dynamics of growth and quality features of 1+0 Austrian Pine (AP; Pinus nigra Arn.), Scots Pine (SP; Pinus sylvestris L.) and Maritime Pine (MP; Pinus pinaster Aiton) seedlings in containers Yukosad (YS; hard plastic, 75cm3, 610 seedlings m-2) and Siset (SS; gray cardboard with white coating, 128 cm3, 589 seedlings m-2). The experiment, for all Pine species, was conducted in randomized blocks in four replications. Each replication contained 10 multipots of each container type. After the seed germination, every 15 days, i.e. 10 times during the vegetation season, 10 seedlings of each of 4 replications, i.e. 40 seedlings of each container and Pine species, were analyzed. The following morphological characteristics were measured: shoot height (SH), root collar diameter (RCD), shoot dry weight (SDW), number, length and dry weight (RDW) of I, II and III order lateral roots (FOLR, SOLR and TOLR) and of the central root. Quality ratios and indexes were calculated. The dynamics of growth of selected features during the vegetation season was expressed as trend lines. AP and SP seedlings, grown in containers YS had higher values of almost all measured traits (SH, RCD, SDW, number, length and dry weight of FOLR, SOLR and TOLR). However, in AP, the SS seedlings had better values of quality indexes and ratios (SQ, DQI, SDW/RDW and RDW/SDW ratio), than YS seedlings. SP seedlings, except for SQ, had better quality indexes in YS container. MP seedlings, with some exceptions, have better above ground quality features in SS containers, while root systems don’t differ significantly in both containers. Root quality indicators (root intensity and root bound indexes) are more favorable in SS containers in all Pine species. The polynomial trend lines in AP and SP grow in similar way and intensity in both containers, gradually increasing during the vegetation season. MP seedlings differ in much more intensive growth of above ground features, especially in the half of the vegetative period in both containers, while during this period root quantity and length stagnates. Generally, the quality of AP and SP seedlings is more or less equal and satisfactory in both containers, while MP seedlings show slightly better results in SS container.

Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering

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