Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering

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Management and regeneration potential on overmature coppice sessile oak forests stands, case study in Bushava Planina
(2018)
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Dubravac, Tomislav
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Development, management and sustainability of Macedonian pine forests in National Park Pelister.
(2018)
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Planiranje gazdovanje i obnovitelni potencijal izdanačke čiste i mešovite hrastove šume u Severnoj Makedoniji
(2019)
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Dubravac, Tomislav
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Forest resource dynamic in Republic of North Macedonia in the period from 1961 to 2016
(2022)
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Machine-learning algorithms evaluation of growing stock prediction, based on inventory and sentinel spectral data on two beech forest sites in Bosnia and Macedonia
(2018-10-10)
Cabaravdic, Azra
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Magmutovic, Galib
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Osmanovic, Mirza
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Modelling the tree height-diameter relationship of Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Gris.) forests in North Macedonia
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2023-11-27)
Tanovski, Vladimir
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Matović, Bratislav
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Risteski, Mihajlo
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The most crucial individual tree variables in forest management are diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of trees (H). Projection of stand development over time relies on accurate height-diameter functions. The main aim of this paper is to define the best usable model for tree height prediction from diameter at breast height. We explore the place where the Macedonian pine was discovered in the Baba Mountain in the Pelister National Park in North Macedonia. Thus, we established 48 experimental plots (EP) with a circle shape, a radius of 12.62 m and an area of 500 m2 each. The EP were established in pure Macedonian pine stands in an elevation gradient between 950 m a.s.l. and 1 700 m a.s.l. Every tree in the EP was attributed with data for diameter at breast height, tree height, and stand characteristics data (elevation, slope, aspect, coordinate) as well. For predicting the tree height, we used 40 models from many authors which are the most usable in forest practice. Also, we prepared evaluations and tests for all models, in order to choose the best responsive model for the Macedonian pine forest. For predicting the best tree height model for Macedonian pine, we decided on Mamoun's equation, with a high correlation value of 0.85 with 73% out of the observed data. Also, this model showed a lower root mean square error of 32.65, a lower model prediction accuracy of 6.77, and a lower mean absolute percent error of 11.73%. Finally, it can be concluded that the nonlinear connection between DBH and tree height is the most responsive regression model.
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Relationship Between Some Structural Elements of Macedonian Pine (Pinus peuce Gris.) in Different Elevations in National Park Pelister in North Macedonia
(Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, 2023-05-24)
Tanovski, Vladimir
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Matović, Bratislav
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Nestorovski, Ljupčo
<jats:p>The influence of elevation on the forest development and also on more structural elements is evident. The aim of this paper is to research the impact of elevation on the relationship between diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), crown length (L) and stem volume (V). In the area of the Pelister National Park in North Macedonia, 22 experimental plots (EPs) were established in the even-age Pinus peuce Gris. stands with an average age of 90 years. The EPs were of a circular form and covered an area of 500 m2 each; 6 of them were established at 1150 meter above sea level (m asl), 7 at 1350 m asl and 9 at 1550 m asl. DBH, tree height, and crown length of 481 trees were measured in all EPs. The DBH – H model was prepared in accordance with Prodan, as well as nonlinear (polynomial) regression for the relation between DBH and L and nonlinear (power) regression for the relation between DBH and V. The stem volume was calculated with a formula by Parishko for Pinus peuce Gris. The quadratic mean of DBH, average Loray height, average crown ratio, and the density of the stands were also calculated. The relationship between DBH and H, L, and V was examined with Pearson correlation and root mean square deviation (RMSE). The differences between averages of H, L, and V from the EPs were tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with an elevation class (1150, 1350 and 1550 m asl) as single factor. The density of stands was 490, 429 and 409 trees per ha on 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m asl, respectively. The average DBH was 39.8 cm, 46.5 cm and 45.5 cm, and Loray height was 23.9 m, 24.1 m and 22.6 m at 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m asl, respectively. Crown ratio (CR) pointed out different results on the different elevations, with the average value of 40.5%, 43.7%, and 39.3% at 1150 m, 1350 m, and 1550 m asl, respectively. Differences between average structural elements at different elevations can be confirmed with ANOVA with a significance of p<0.05 and F of 3.4 for H, the significance of p<0.05 and F 3.2 for L data and p<0.05 and F of 9.7 for the value of V. In that way, the regression model for H is higher at a lower elevation, the tree has a longer crown length at lower elevation and also has a bigger volume at lower elevation. From the results, it can be concluded that the elevation has an influence on the relationship between DBH on the one hand and H, L and V as structural elements on the other hand. It can be said that at higher elevation trees have a smaller average height, DBH, and volume and have longer crown length than trees at lower elevation.</jats:p>
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Spatial structural characteristic of Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Gris.) forest in National Park Pelister in North Macedonia
(Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, 2022-06-15)
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Matovic, Bratislav
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Forest spatial structure strictly defines ecosystem resilience, the success of its functioning, and development. The spatial structure of forest compartments provides additional information on the forest stand heterogeneity. The aim of this study is to examine structural patterns (both spatial and nonspatial ones) in Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Gris.) forests located at National Park Pelister, North Macedonia. We analyzed middle-aged (~ 90 years) Macedonian pine stands in terms of structural metrics collecting data from geo-referenced trees on the established 14 circle sample plots (SP). The area of each SP was 500 m2. In SP for the nonspatial characteristic (NC) were collected data for tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), azimuth, the distance of trees from the center of SP and data for stand characteristic. For spatial characteristic (SC) were calculated the index aggregation of Clark and Evans, mean distance, uniform angle index (W), mean directional index, DBH, H differentiation and domination. For testing the spatial structure of stands, we were used L and pair correlation functions. Were used Excel, Crancod and StatSoft Statistica software for NC and SC analysis. The average age of SP ranges from 88 to 99 years. The average value of DBH, H, basal area and volume of trees per hectare are 33.9 cm, 20.1 m, 55,8 m2 and 502 m3/ha respectively. According to the aggregation index, trees in SP are randomly deployed with coefficients from 0.73 to 1.34 with an average value of 1.07. Distances between the reference tree and 1st neighborhood are in the range from 1.27 to 3.36 with an average value of 2.18. The position of the four trees around the reference tree is random and uniform because the range value of the W index is from 0.49 to 0.67 with an average value of 0.56. The mean directional index points out that trees are grouped around referent trees with an average value of 2.05. In the stand of Macedonian pine, trees have low differentiation of DBH and H with average values of 0.19 and 0.09 respectively. Regarding domination of DBH and H, it can be said that trees around the reference tree have some bigger diameter with the coefficient of 0.54, while regarding height they have an equal domination index with a value of 0.5. L correlation function points out that trees are grouped and, in some cases, they are randomly positioned. The same result has a pair correlation function where trees are grouped and relatively randomly positioned. It can be concluded that trees in the Macedonian pine stand have a rather random and uniform arrangement, with little differentiation and a small dominance in the DBH and the H.
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Influence of elevation on some structural elements of Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Gris.) stands in National Park Pelister in North Macedonia
("Hans Em" Faculty for Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Skopje, 2022-06)
Tanovski, Vladimir
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Risteski, Mihajlo
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Cokoski, Kristijan
The influence of elevation on the forest development and also on more structural elements are evident. This paper research the influence of elevation on the relationship between diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), crown length (L) and steam volume (V). In the area of National Park Pelister in North Macedonia, we established 6 circle experimental plots (EP) at 1150 m a.s.l., 7 at 1350 m a.s.l. and 9 at 1550 m a.s.l. total 22 EP with an area of 500 m2 each of them in the evenage Pinus peuce Gris. stands with an average age of 90 years. It was measured DBH, tree height, and crown length at 481 trees in all EP. We determined the connection between DBH and H thought height model from Prodan. It was prepared nonlinear (polynomial) regression for the relation between DBH and L and nonlinear (Power) regression for the relation between DBH and V. Also, were calculated quadratic mean of DBH, average Loray height, average crown ratio, and the density of the stands. The steam volume was calculated with a formula from the volume table from Parishko for Pinus peuce Gris. The relationship between DBH and H, L, V was tested with Pearson correlation and root mean square deviation (RMSE). The differences between data of H, L, V from the EP were tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a single factor. All statistical analyses were done with Excel, Statsoft Statistica, R (CranRstudio) software. The density of stands is 490, 429 and 409 trees per ha on 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. The average DBH is 39.8 cm, 46.5 cm and 45.5 cm and Loray height is 23.9 m, 24.1 m and 22.6 m at 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. Crown ratio points out different results on the different elevation, thus average value of 40.5 %, 43.7 %, 39.3 % at 1150 m a.s.l., 1350 m a.s.l. and at 1550 m a.s.l. respectively. The differences between data are significantly p<0.05 and F of 3.4, at data of H, with p<0.05 and F 3.2 for data of L and p<0.05 with F of 9.7 for data of V. In that way, H has a bigger regression model at a lower elevation, the tree has a longer crown length at lower elevation and also has more biomass at lower elevation. The regression model of Prodan for H has а significance correlation index of 0.85, 0.80, 0.79 and RMSE of 6.55, 8.04, 6.18 for 1150 m, 1350 m and 1550 m respectively. The polynomial regression model for the connection between DBH and L has a correlation of 0.80, 0.81, 0.69 and RMSE of 59 8.31, 10.40 and 10.77 for 1150 m, 1350 m, 1550 m respectively. The power regression model for DBH and V has a correlation of 0.99, for all elevations and RMSE of 1.08, 1.48, 0.75 for 1150, 1350, 1550 m respectively. From the results can be concluded that the elevation has an influence on DBH, H, L and V as structural elements and also has an influence on the whole development of stands. It can be said that at higher elevation trees has a smaller height, DBH, volume and have longer crown length than trees at lower elevation.
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Reforestation in Macedonia: History, current practice and future perspectives
(Reforesta, 2017-07-01)
Kolevska, Dana Dina
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Maletić, Vladimir
This paper presents data about forestry and reforestation in the Republic of Macedonia. The country is characterized with great diversity of natural conditions and rich floral and faunal biodiversity Forests in Macedonia cover 38% of its territory. About 71% represent coppiced and degraded and 29% tall forests. Historical, social and natural conditions caused gradual deforestation, forest and land degradation. Foundations of artificial afforestation were laid in the first decade of XX century. First reforestation started already in 1913/14 and continued, with various intensity, in the next decades. In the period between two world wars a foundation of modern forestry was established, as forestry education, scientific work etc., to help dealing with reforestation of waste bare and erosive lands. The most intensive reforestation was performed in 1971-1990 and during the following years significantly decreases. There is room for improving of some aspects of the reforestation, in aim to improve survival and development of the young stands.

Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering

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