Faculty of Medicine

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    Tumescent technique as regional anesthesia
    (Scientific Foundation SPIROSKI, 2020-02-19)
    Stevkovska, Mare
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    Tumescent technique is a technique of infiltration a large volume of buffered low concentration of lidocaine and adrenaline in normosaline in the subcutaneous tissue. This solution that is easily and painlessly infiltrated, anesthetizes a large area of subcutaneous tissue in particular body areas like: abdomen, thigh or arms; it provides less bleeding during procedures performed on the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) is a very simple and save procedure, widely used in many surgical branches. The aim of the paper was to assess the value of the tumescent local anesthesia during liposuction. Material and methods: Sixteen patients with a mean age of 32 years (24-46) underwent liposuction of one to three body areas, using tumescent technique, wide-awake. Тotal of 27 procedures were performed, with infiltration of solution of 0.075% lidocaine with 1:1,000,000 adrenaline and 25 ml of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate in 1000 ml normosaline, mean infiltrated solution of 2506 ml (1600-5000), mean dosage of lidocaine 25.9 mg/kg (18.88-50.6 mg/kg), total amount of lidocaine 2010 mg (1360-4000 mg). Results: TLA was successfully realized; 68.8% (11) of patients were happy and satisfied, 12.5% (2) of patients had headache and dizziness, in 12.5% (2) of patients the procedure was stopped because of a severe pain, one in the first region and one in the second region, and in 6.3% (1) of patients mild signs of lidocaine toxicity were observed. There were no complications that needed treatment or hospitalization; also, there were no lethal cases. Conclusion: Sole tumescent local anesthesia at a dosage 18-50 mg/kg lidocaine in prudent chosen patients seems to be safe regional anesthesia technique for the procedure of subcutaneous fat tissue.
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    SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN PARTURIENT WITH SEVERELY SCOLIOTIC SPINE
    (Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, R.N. Macedonia, 2018-12)
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    Ivanov, Emilija
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    Veninov, Filip
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    Spasovski, Sasho
    The choice of anesthesia in parturients with severe scoliosis undergoing an elective cesarean section (C-section) is associated with potential risks for both mother and fetus and presents a challenge for the anesthesiologist when considering the type of anesthesia that should be used. Alterations in the maternal physiology and potential perioperative complications associated with this comorbidity can cause difficulties when both general and spinal anesthesia are used. After reviewing all risk factors associated with both types of anesthesia, we consider that a single shot spinal anesthesia can be a successful type of anesthesia in severely scoliotic individuals, especially in those with pulmonary compromise. Here we present a successful case of parturient undergoing а spinal anesthesia for C-section performed at the University Hospital for Genecology in Skopje.
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    The three revolutions in airway management = letter to the editor
    (Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R N. Macedonia, 2023)
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    Topical anesthetics for pediatric laser treatment
    (Taylor & Francis, 2019)
    Marija Stevic
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    Ana Vlajkovic
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    Branislav Trifunovic
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    Ivan Rakic
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    Nina Ristic
    Topical anesthetic agent causes transient insensibility to pain in a limited area of skin, and provides effective anesthesia in a short onset time, short duration, with seldom local or systemic side effects on intact skin and is simple to use. Topical formulations may offer significant benefits for prevention of procedural pain. Currently, they are considered to be the most effective anesthesia for laser treatments. Unfortunately, there is no standard anesthetic technique for this procedure. Lasers are being widely used in numerous dermatological and esthetics treatments in childhood. The advancement of new knowledge in laser technology have contributed to the development of new lasers that are commonly used in a pediatric population, such as Pulsed Dye, Carbon-dioxide and Nd:YAG laser. The most commonly used topical anesthetics in young patients for minimally or moderately painful laser cutaneous procedures are Lidocaine, Prilocaine, Tetracaine gel and combinations thereof.
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    TACHYCARDIA - BRADYCARDIA SYNDROME IN A PATIENT UNDERGOING PERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURE REPAIR UNDER SPINAL ANESTHESIA
    (Department of Anesthesia and reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss.Cyril and Methodius", University Skopje Macedonia, 2018-12)
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    Trposka A
    Background: Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is an abnormality of a cardiac impulse formation as a result of sinus node dysfunction that could be presented as a diverse heart rate and rhythm abnormalities. SSS is the most common in the elderly people. In most of the cases the etiology of the SSS remains unknown, but the majority of the patients are experiencing some stage of coronary artery disease (1). Case Report: We present an 89 years old female patient undergoing pertrochanteric fracture repair under spinal anesthesia. Her preoperative evaluation did not reveal any pathologic findings. All vital signs were stable prior to the surgery. The patient has received 2.4 ml of Bupivacaine 0.5% and 10 mcg of Fentanyl. Dural puncture was done in an aseptic technique at the L3-L4 level and clear liquor was seen prior to the anesthetic application. The first hour of the surgery went uneventful, after what abrupt onset of tachycardia of 109bpm was seen followed by bradycardia of 48bpm. The episodes of tachycardia followed with bradycardia were repeating till the patient entered a bigeminy rhythm with the lowest hearth rate of 45, after what 0.5 mg of atropine was given and restoration of normal sinus rhythm was seen. The patient was monitored postoperatively in PACU and followed up at the Traumatology ward while there were not seen any vital signs deterioration. Discussion: We’ve researched PubMed from 1994-2017 and we’ve found 8 case reports in patients undergoing general anesthesia, one undergoing general and epidural anesthesia and one under spinal anesthesia. Eight of 10 patients were previously healthy without known cardiac disease and one with peripheral artery disease. Different types of conduction and heart rate abnormalities, including asystole, were seen in all of the cases after induction of the patients under anesthesia. In our case during the surgery the patient developed multiple episodes of tachycardia followed with bradycardia without subjective discomfort. The resolution of the tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome after giving the 0.5 mg of atropine shows a possible relationship between the local anesthetic application and the onset of the SSS manifestation. References: 1. Brignole M1.; Sick sinus syndrome; Clin Geriatr Med. 2002 May;18(2):211-27. Learning points: SSS can be precipitated perioperatively because of increased vagal tone caused by anesthesia or surgical intervention. As general anesthetics, local anesthetics could also trigger intraoperative manifestation of SSS.
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    Свесност за време на општа анестезија на пациент на терапија со Beta-блокер - приказ на случај
    (Macedonian Medical Association = Македонско лекарско друштво, 2013)
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    Љупчо Тасевски
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    Гордана Талеска
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    Маја Мојсова - Мијовска
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    Introduction Awareness during anesthesia is a rare but significant complication with potentially devastating psychological consequences The causes of intra operative awareness are still unclear but it is supposed that is multi factorial As a contributing factor commonly is induced the use of adrenergic blockers and ACE inhibitors Case report An years old women was hospitalized at the Clinic for Maxillofacial surgery in Skopje for operation of the cyst of the maxillary sinus In the preoperative clinical assessment was established that patient had medical history of hypertension on therapy with blockers and ACE inhibitors Preoperative and intraoperative course was without significant hemodinamically changes but after extubation patient recallwhole procedure She develops posttraumatic stress disorder Conclusion Despite precautions and good technique some cases of awareness will still occur It may not be possible to prevent every case of awareness from happening but it is possible to identify high risk cases and modify anaesthetic technique accordingly The patient should receive adequate psychological support afterwards not only in the form of a regular visit by the anaesthetist but with the referral for counselling or psychotherapy if necessary