Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, Genetic Alteration Profiling in North Macedonian Lung Cancer Patients(MDPI AG, 2025-10-10); ; ; ; Background/Objectives: Late diagnosis and inefficient treatment regimens lead to poor prognosis, with a low 5-year survival rate for both non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). New targeted therapeutic agents can be developed and introduced only by first discovering new driver oncogenes and with a thorough investigation of the known driver genes. The aim of the current study is to investigate the prevalence of alterations in the eight most frequently altered genes in lung cancer-BRAF, EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1, HER2, PD-L1 and PIK3CA. Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect KRAS and EGFR mutations, multiplex PCR and microarray hybridization for KRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA mutations. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for the detection of ALK, HER2/NEU, ROS-1 and PD-L1 alterations. Results: Overall, 221/603 patients (36.65%) had at least one genetic alteration, of which 22 patients (3.65%) had two genetic alterations and two patients had more than two genetic alterations. Additionally, 50 patients were identified with one or more KRAS mutations (8.29%), 45 patients with EGFR mutations (7.46%), and 1.82% with PIK3CA mutations and 0.66% with BRAF mutations. Furthermore, 50% of the co-occurring alterations were either on KRAS and PIK3CA genes (3/6), on KRAS and BRAF genes (2/6, 33.33%) or on EGFR and PIK3CA genes (1/6, 16.67%), and 10.45% of the patients exhibited PD-L1 overexpression, 5.31% ALK rearrangements, and 2.36% HER2/NEU expression, with no ROS-1 rearrangements detected. Conclusions: Comprehensive testing for somatic alterations in EGFR, BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA is significant in guiding therapeutic decisions in lung cancer management. Such testing should be routinely conducted to establish a thorough genetic profile of lung cancers in a manner that is both time-efficient and cost-effective. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Molecular and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Colorectal Carcinoma - A Single Center Study(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025-06); - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, KRAS MUTATIONS IN PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA IN CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2020); ; ; Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the seventh cause of death of all malignant tumors worldwide and has the worst prognosis of all solid tumors. In Europe, it is the sixth most common cause of cancer related death and in United States it is the fifth cause of death after lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast and colorectal cancer. Numerous molecular studies have analyzed genetic and epigenetic changes as responsible for the histological variants of this cancer, their correlation with family predisposition, and opportunities for better treatment and survival. This study included 42 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Tumor tissue samples obtained from surgical specimen were histopathologicaly examined and genetic mutations were determinate. Prior to surgery, patients were diagnosed by imaging modalities (abdominal ultrasound and/or CT), clinical and laboratory examinations. Histopathological analyses included: T category, grade of tumor differentiation, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement and metastasis. We obtained the KRAS and EGFR gene mutations on the Randox investigator diagnostic platform. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of KRAS and EGFR mutations in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and their correlation with multiple tumor characteristics. No one patient had EGFR mutation. The results showed that more of the patients with KRAS genetic mutations are frequently associated with advanced disease stage and worse prognosis, although the difference was not statistically significant in comparison to patients without KRAS mutations.