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    Pandemic-induced stress escalation among women in North Macedonia
    (Journal of Morphological science, 2023-11)
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    Darko Iliev
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    The Science of Women Leadership
    (Montenegrin Association of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2023)
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    Attachment style and occurrence of intimate partner violence in women
    (2023)
    Blazevska, Vesna
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    Jovanovska Stojanovska, Mirjana
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    Stojmanovska, Katica
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    Sopronov, Aleksej
    The purpose of this research was to contribute to the literature regarding intimate partner violence and women's attachment style. According to the results obtained, intimate partner violence at least occurs among women who have a secure attachment style, followed by women who have a preoccupied affective attachment style. The highest level of violence in the relationship is reported by women who have an avoidant attachment style, and a somewhat lower level of violence is reported by women with a fearful attachment style. 115 women aged 18 to 65 participated in the research. The average age of the respondents is 35.7 years. Of them, 61.10% are married, and 29.90% are in an intimate relationship with a permanent partner, and the average duration of the relationship is 12.5 years. Regarding the level of education, 55.30% have completed secondary school, and 44.70% have higher education. According to employment status, 64.90% are employed and 35.10% are unemployed. All respondents are of Macedonian nationality and Orthodox religion. The results indicate that the existence of a negative image of the partner appears as a factor of occurrence of intimate partner violence.
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    Sex differences and disparities in cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2023-01-18)
    Bugiardini, Raffaele
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    Nava, Stefano
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    Caramori, Gaetano
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    Yoon, Jinsung
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    Badimon, Lina
    Background Previous analyses on sex differences in case fatality rates at population-level data had limited adjustment for key patient clinical characteristics thought to be associated with COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to estimate the risk of specific organ dysfunctions and mortality in women and men. Methods and Results This retrospective cross-sectional study included 17 hospitals within 5 European countries participating in the International Survey of Acute Coronavirus Syndromes (ISACS) COVID-19(NCT05188612). Participants were individuals hospitalized with positive SARS-CoV-2 from March 2020 to February 2022. Risk-adjusted ratios(RR) of in-hospital mortality, acute respiratory failure(ARF), acute heart failure(AHF), and acute kidney injury(AKI) were calculated for women versus men. Estimates were evaluated by inverse probability of weighting and logistic regression models. The overall care cohort included 4,499 patients with COVID-19 associated hospitalizations. Of these, 1,524(33.9%) were admitted to ICU, and 1,117(24.8%) died during hospitalization. Compared with men, women were less likely to be admitted to ICU (RR:0.80; 95%CI: 0.71–0.91). In general wards (GW) and ICU cohorts, the adjusted women-to-men RRs for in-hospital mortality were of 1.13(95%CI: 0.90–1.42) and 0.86(95%CI: 0.70–1.05; pinteraction=0.04). Development of AHF, AKI and ARF was associated with increased mortality risk (ORs: 2.27; 95%CI; 1.73–2.98,3.85; 95%CI:3.21–4.63 and 3.95; 95%CI:3.04–5.14, respectively). The adjusted RRs for AKI and ARF were comparable among women and men regardless of intensity of care. By contrast, female sex was associated with higher odds for AHF in GW, but not in ICU (RRs:1.25; 95%CI0.94–1.67 versus 0.83; 95%CI:0.59–1.16, pinteraction=0.04). Conclusions Women in GW were at increased risk of AHF and in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 compared with men. For patients receiving ICU care, fatal complications including AHF and mortality appeared to be independent of sex. Equitable access to COVID-19 ICU care is needed to minimize the unfavourable outcome of women presenting with COVID-19 related complications.
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    Women's perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: Walking into a post-peak phase
    (Elsevier BV, 2021)
    Sabatino, Jolanda
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    Moscatelli, Sara
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    Rustamova, Yasmin
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    Avesani, Martina
    The pandemic of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has provoked hundreds of thousands of deaths, resulting in catastrophe for humans. Although some insights have been garnered in studies on women, children and young adults infected with COVID-19, these often remain fragmented in literature. Therefore, we discussed the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on women, children and young patients, particularly those with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities or congenital heart disease. Furthermore, we gathered and distilled the existing body of literature that describes their cardiovascular complications and the recommended actions in favour of those patients toward the post-peak pandemic period. Although many questions still require answers, this article is sought to help the practicing clinician in the understanding and management of the threatening disease in special populations.
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    Women Empowerment in Cardiology: The Pink International Young Academy of Cardiology
    (Elsevier BV, 2020-10)
    Moscatelli, Sara
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    Babazade, Nigar
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    Sabatino, Jolanda
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    Öz, Tuğba Kemaloğlu
    Being a cardiologist means sacrificing big part of your private life in order to succeed and reach the goal. Furthermore, being a female cardiologist brings even heavier burden and this fact often discourages women from choosing cardiology as a life-time profession. The lack of career progress, family responsibilities, radiation exposure and its impact on female reproduction, and the discrimination and sexual harassment that are still present today are among the most common challenges in the career path of every female doctor. Although there's an improvement of gender disparities in the last decades , women cardiologists are still struggling with many problems on a daily basis. These challenges were crucial in the decision for making an organization that will represent and encourage female cardiologists around the world. Several like-minded and strong individuals came out with the idea to create an organization that will raise awareness and stand united for equal rights, and today, we proudly call it Pink International Young Academy (Pink IYAC). This organization aims to help all female cardiologists who encounter problems during their career path, and support them in fulfilling their dreams.
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    Women leaders in Cardiology. Contemporary profile of the WHO European region
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2021-08)
    Borrelli, Nunzia
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    Brida, Margarita
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    Cader, Aaysha
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    Sabatino, Jolanda
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    Czerwińska-Jelonkiewicz, Katarzyna
    Women's participation is steadily growing in medical schools, but they are still not sufficiently represented in cardiology, particularly in cardiology leadership positions. We present the contemporary distribution of women leaders in cardiology departments in the World Health Organization European region.
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    Metabolic Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction in Women
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2021-04-29)
    Djuro Macut
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    Sanja Ognjanovic
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    Milka Ašanin
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    Gordana Krljanac
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    Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolic disorders that arise from insulin resis-tance (IR) and adipose tissue dysfunction. As a consequence, there is an increased risk for type 2 diabetes melli-tus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). MetS is associated with a 2-fold increase in cardiovascu-lar outcomes. Earlier population analyses showed a lower prevalence of MetS in women (23.9%) in comparisonto men (27.8%), while later analyses suggest significantly reduced difference due to an increase in the preva-lence in women aged between 20 and 39. However, the prevalence of MetS in specific populations of women,such as in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, ranges from 16% to almost 50% in some geographical re-gions. Abdominal fat accumulation and IR syndrome are recognized as the most important factors in the patho-genesis of MetS. After menopause, a decline in insulin sensitivity corresponds to an increase in fat mass, circu-lating fatty acids, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides. Prevalence of MetS in acute coronary syndrome(ACS) is significantly more present in women (55.9%-66.3%) than in men (40.2%-47.3%) in different cohorts.Younger women with ACS had a higher mortality rate than younger men. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)remains a leading cause of death in aging women. Women with AMI had significantly higher rates of prior con-gestive heart failure, hypertension history, and diabetes. The role of androgens in CVD pathogenesis in womenhas not yet been clarified. The current review aims to provide an insight into the role of MetS components andinflammation for the development of atherosclerosis, CVD, and AMI in women.
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    Women's Safety and Gender-Based Violence in the Republic of North Macedonia
    (Frontiers Editorial Office, 2020-02-21)
    Violence against women in the Republic of North Macedonia is the most common form of human rights violation, and women's safety is thus a high-priority public health problem. There have been significant achievements in the area of policy development: legislation harmonization for human rights protection, prevention of violence against women, protocols for the treatment and support of female victims, especially those with disabilities, and further collaboration and coordination between different sectors. In practice, there is still a need to establish a system of institutions for effective prevention, protection, gathering of evidence, and support of women victims of gender-based violence in addition to the prosecution of perpetrators. Policies for the improvement of women's safety should be considered as a priority and undertaken at an individual, relationship, community, and society level.