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    HEPATITIS B AND PREGNANCY
    (Македонска асоцијација на гинеколози и опстетричари = MACEDONIAN ASSSOCIATION OF GYNECOLOGISTS AND OBSTETRICIANS, 2025)
    Nakov, Aleksandar
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    Martinovska, Iskra
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    Shurlani, Arben
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    Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards HPV infections, complications of HPV infections and the HPV vaccine among students of Medical Science in North Macedonia
    (Royal Academy of Medicine of the Balearic Islands, 2024-01-11)
    Ana Marja Radevska
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    Edmond Brava
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    Keti Skeparovska
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    Ivana Gacova
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    Alexandra Micevska
    Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted diseases. The HPV vaccine is crucial in the primary prevention of HPV infection and associated diseases and complications. This objective of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of the Medical students in North Macedonia towards HPV infections, complications of HPV infections and the HPV vaccine. Materials and methods: In the period of November 2022 – December 2022 a study using a semi - structured questionnaire was conducted in Medical Faculties in North Macedonia, covering 728 people over 18 years old that are medical students. Standard descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic characteristics. Results: A total of 728 participants took part in the survey, predominantly female (n=601, 82.5%). Around one third of all respondents (36.4%) have received the HPV vaccine. We established a statistically significant difference between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated respondents in terms of gender (χ2=22.231, p<0.001) and this proved to be the strongest predictor for vaccination in the logistic regression analysis. The main driver for hesitation regarding the HPV vaccine was the fear of possible side effects and there was an association between the fear of possible side effects and the probability for vaccination (15.1%% (n=40) vaccinated vs. 41.2% (n=191) non-vaccinated students, χ2=73.020, p<0.001). The students who didn’t agree with the statement that recommending the HPV vaccine to teenagers will send a message that it is okay to become sexually active at an early age were 1.89 times more likely to have been vaccinated. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that medical students in North Macedonia had a suboptimal uptake of the HPV vaccine. To increase the coverage, it is essential that people get the right information. Having doubts about the vaccine’s safety and effectiveness is the main cause of vaccination hesitancy.
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    HEPATITIS B IMMUNIZATION IN THE MATERNITY WARD OF THE UNIVERSITY CLINIC FOR GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS IN R. N. MACEDONIA
    (Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, R.N. Macedonia, 2024-05)
    Gjorgjevikj, Aleksandra
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    Duvlis, Sotirija
    Introduction: The beginning of the fight against infectious diseases is marked by receiving the first dose of Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine in the maternity ward. It is a recombinant viral vaccine that stimulates active immunity. Unfortunately, on a global level, there is a decline in vaccination coverage of children for all vaccines. Our study aims to assess the coverage of the first dose of vaccine against the HepB among newborns in our hospital during 2023. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study and it included data for HepB vaccination from all newborns born at the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics from 01.01.2023 to 31.12.2023. Results: There were 3,917 live births in total in our maternity hospital in the year 2023. 3,235 (82.6%) of the newborns were vaccinated against the HepB virus, while 682 (17.4%) of the newborns remained unvaccinated. In the first 24 hours after the birth and the first 7 days, 2,912 and 323 newborns were vaccinated respectively. Out of the 682 unvaccinated, 30 have been transferred to another health facility, 8 were unvaccinated due to the written consent from the parents for postponing vaccination, and 644 newborns remained to be vaccinated in the vaccination dispensary, where individual calendars for immunization would be created. Conclusion: In order not to lose the battle with infectious diseases at a time of intensive technical- technological development, it is necessary to be more active and to continuously participate in the process of immunization at all levels of the health care. Immunization of newborns with HepB vaccine is an effective measure to control HepB infection and prevent liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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    Menstrual Cycle Disorders after Covid-19 Vaccination
    (Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association/De Gruyter, 2023)
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    Popovska, Verica
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    Iliev, Darko
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    Introduction. COVID-19 vaccines were developed one year after the official first case of COVID-19 in China was reported by the WHO. More than 3 billion doses have been administered so far. Menstrual disturbances have also been reported, primarily by women, and confirmed in scientific research. Aim. To evaluate menstrual cycle irregularities after COVID-19 vaccination among females in North Macedonia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted that used a questionnaire to collect data in the period 03.2022-03.2023, including women aged 18-45 and residents of the Republic of North Macedonia. Women who were referred for an examination at the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics in the capitol of the country, were invited to participate in the survey. The questionnaire was distributed electronically. Results. A total of 191 women participated in this study, with a mean age of 34.318.05 years, 163 (85.3%) have been vaccinated, and 28 (14.7%) not vaccinated. Changes in menstrual cycle after COVID19 vaccination were found in 89 (46.6%), predominantly after their second dose. The most frequent menstrual cycle changes were: heavy periods/ bleeding (menorrhagia), infrequent/irregular periods (oligomenorrhea) and painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea). Disorders were noticed right after vaccination (at the first menstrual cycle) in 30(15.7%) women, and in 35(18.3%) the menstrual cycle normalized, while in 63(33.0%) the changes still lasted. Conclusion. In this study, an association of menstrual cycle changes and COVID-19 vaccination was found. More studies are needed and further follow-up in women with reported menstrual cycle changes.