Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, Suborbital fat protrusion of the lower eyelids(Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2007-12); ; ; Naceska, ABackground: Protrusion of the lower eyelid is an aesthetic condition that is influenced by many anatomical features. Aim is to identify and categorize fat pad protrusion under the lower eyelids, and to evaluate the scoring system for determining the anatomical characteristics that will yield optimal surgical results. Material and Methods: During a six year period (2000–2005) we operated 42 patients with suborbital protrusion of lower eyelids. In our assessment of the fat pad protrusion we employed analysis of: prominence of the orbicular muscle, prolapse of the suborbital fatty tissue, eyelid fluid, stretching of the lower eyelid, triangular prominence in the malar region, loss of skin elasticity (tear through). Results: Our study showed that the cause for baggy lower eyelids appearance is a group of complex anatomical changes. The cumulative contribution score used in this study allows for determination of the principal cause for the appearance of the sagging baggy lower eyelids. With this knowledge, the surgeon has the opportunity of choose the most appropriate Blepharoplasty technique in obtaining the optimum aesthetic effect. Conclusion: The cumulative contribution score for each anatomic variable show us that prolapsed orbital fat received high score in man as compared to women. The knowledge of the origin of baggy eye lids can aid surgeons in their selection of the correct facial sculpting technique in order to achieve the optimal aesthetic effect. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Diabetic foot with risk for ulceration associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes(European Society of Endocrinology, 2011); ; Katerina AdamovaAim: To define impact of diabetic retinopathy as a risk factor at peoples with type 2 diabetes and diabetic foot. Material and methods: One hundred hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes, screened for diabetic foot and diabetic retinopathy for 1 year. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations were evaluated. Results: From 100 patients, 53% were female and 47% male, duration of diabetes 10.47±4.77 years. Mean HbA1c was 8%±1.2%. HbA1c<7% had 18%, HbA1c 7–8% had 43% and HbA1c >8% had 49% of patients. At visit 1, risk score for diabetic foot ulceration is: low risk (0) 29%, medium risk (1) 35%, high risk (2) 18% and very high risk (3) 18%). Retinopathy was present with 68% – 53% non prolypherative and 15% prolypherative. According the risk score at visit 1 retinopathy had: in score 0 – 15% non-prolipherative and 0% prolipherative, score 1 – 18% non-prolypherative and 1% prolypherative, score 2 – 11% non-prolypherative and 6% prolypherative, and score 3 – 9% non-prolypherative and 8% prolypherative. After 12 months risk score for diabetic foot was: 0 – 17%; 1 – 39%; 2 – 19% and 3 – 27%. Diabetic retinopathy was present after 12 months 72% of which 51% non-prolypherative and 21% prolypherative. According the risk score after 1 year diabetic retinopathy were present: in score 0 – 6% non-prolyherative and 0% prolypherative, score 1 – 22% non-prolypherative and 3% prolypherative, score 2 – 10% non-prolypherative and 7% prolypherative, and score 3 – 13% non-prolypherative and 11% prolypherative. Conclusion: Association between risk score for foot ulceration and diabetic retinopathy was present. Group with risk score 0 and 1 have more non-prolypherative retinopathy and group with score 2 and 3 have more prolypherative retinopathy (Cross tabulation. Kruskal Wallis test P<0.01).