Faculty of Medicine

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Anatomy education and clinical practice: students’ views
(Grupa Via Medica, 2025-10-16)
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Background and objectives: This study was aimed at evaluating students’ per spectives on the relevance of anatomy education to clinical practice throughout their studies at the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based investigation and took place at the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje at the University of “Ss Cyril and Methodius”, R. North Macedonia. The questionnaire form included demographics, five-point Likert items, and open-ended questions. Questionnaire data was collected from volunteer student participants, currently and not currently involved in anatomy education, consisting of 134 first-year and 87 fourth- and fifth-year students during March and April 2024. Results: Junior students agreed that their anatomy education helped them achieve some important goals for clinical practice, such as adopting and applying medical terminology and the ability to visualise a three-dimensional human body map. Senior students were less convinced that the structures and concepts acquired during anatomy education were relevant to clinical practice, or that they helped them acquire clinical knowledge and skills effectively, or to understand the principles of evidence-based medicine. Junior students and their senior colleagues disagreed as to whether anatomy education succeeded in developing their self-confidence, teamwork, and communication skills. Conclusions: Both groups of students had similar preferences and suggestions for redesigning anatomy courses to focus on essential elements that are functionally and clinically relevant. This can be achieved through traditional and modern teaching methods, small group work, and the establishment of learning outcomes within clinically relevant contexts.
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ESSENCE-Q: Slavic language versions for developmental screening in young children
(Dovepress, 2018)
Stevanovic D
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Knez R
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Anderluh M
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Kodrič J
Purpose: The Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations – Questionnaire (ESSENCE-Q) was developed as a brief screener to identify children with developmental concerns who might have neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). This study aimed to translate the ESSENCE-Q into south Slavic languages, namely, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Serbian, and Slovenian, and to evaluate its psychometric properties for screening purposes in clinical settings. Patients and methods: In the study, the ESSENCE-Q was completed for 251 “typically devel oping” children and 200 children with 1 or more diagnosed NDDs, all aged 1–6 years. Internal consistency and construct validity were tested first, followed by generating receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve. Optimal cutoff values were then explored. Results: The Cronbach’s α coefficients were 0.91, 0.88, and 0.86 for ESSENCE-Q parent completed form, and the telephone and direct interview forms administered by trained nurse or specialist, respectively. The 3 versions produced area under the curve values (95% confidence interval): 0.96 (0.93–0.99), 0.91 (0.86–0.95), and 0.91 (0.86–0.97), respectively. An optimal cutoff for ESSENCE-Q parent-completed form was found to be $3 points, while for the tele phone and direct interviews, it was $5 points. Conclusion: We found adequate measurement properties of the south Slavic languages versions of the ESSENCE-Q as a screener for NDDs in clinical settings. This study provided additional data supporting sound psychometric properties of the ESSENCE-Q.
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Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace in Macedonia: where are we now?
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2008-06)
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Risteska-Kuc, Snezana
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To assess the prevalence and the level of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the workplace after the enactment of the law restricting indoor smoking in Macedonia, we performed a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire study including 372 never-smoking workers recruited from six workplaces. We found a high prevalence of workers exposed to ETS in the workplace (27.4 %) with no significant difference between particular occupation groups. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of passive smokers in the workplace between this study and our study conducted before the law was enacted (31.5 % vs. 27.4 %, P=0.324). The prevalence of workers exposed to ETS for less than three hours a day was significantly lower than of passive smokers with longer exposure (28.4 % vs. 71.6 %, P=0.038). The prevalence of workers exposed to ETS from less than 10 cigarettes smoked by coworkers per day was lower than the prevalence of workers with higher exposure, but statistical significance was not reached (37.9 % vs. 62.1 %, P=0.087). Our findings indicate a high prevalence and a high level of exposure to ETS in the workplace, which calls for stricter adherence to smoking-free legislation or even the total ban of smoking in the workplace.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smoking male workers exposed to grain dust
(2015)
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Engin Tutkun
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Introduction. Existing literature indicates that workplace exposure to grain dust is associated with adverse respiratory effects in exposed workers. Aim of the study. To assess prevalence and characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in workers exposed to grain dust. Material and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study including 37 never-smoking male grain workers and an equal number of male office workers matched to grain workers by age and smoking status studied as a control. Evaluation of examined subjects consisted of completion of a questionnaire, baseline spirometry, and bronchodilator reversibility testing. Results. We found higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in grain workers with significant difference for cough and phlegm. Majority of respiratory symptoms in grain workers were work-related. The mean values of all measured spirometric parameters were significantly lower in grain workers. The prevalence of COPD, diagnosed by spirometric confirming of persistent airflow limitation, was significantly higher in grain workers as compared to office workers (10.8% vs. 2.7%, P = 0,021).COPD in grain workers was close related to age over 45 years and duration of employment at the actual workplace over 20 years. Conclusions. Our findings suggest relationship between workplace exposure to grain dust and persistent airflow limitation in exposed workers.
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National survey on identifying vulnerable workers and availability of occupational health services in the Republic of Macedonia
(Società italiana di medicina del lavoro, 2010)
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Risteska-Kuc, Snezana
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In order to identify vulnerable groups and high risk sectors which are at greater need of basic occupational health services, we performed a questionnaire-based study including, as key informants, different stakeholders and key players in the process of improving health and safety at work.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smoking dairy farmers
(2015)
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Work-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a considerable part of the disease burden globally.

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