Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, Emerging topics in occupational medicine in south-eastern European (SEE) countries(Croatian Society on Occupational Health, 2024-11-07)The South-East European Network on Workers’ Health (SEENWH) is a network of experts in the field of occupational health from nine countries in the SEE subregion (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, R.N. Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Türkiye). It was established in 2006, aimed at strengthening occupational health systems in the SEE subregion through strong collaboration with the WHO Regional Office for Europe. The objectives of the SEENWH as a sustainable and international framework are: improvement of workers’ health and well-being; strengthening of OH systems, policies, and services; and building of human/ institutional capacities in the SEE subregion. SEENWH provides a forum for exchanging information and knowledge, developing training programmes in the field of occupational health, promoting research, developing and sharing good practices, and collaboration through joint projects. The emerging issues on which the SEENWH experts are focused involve, among others, occupational health system and policy, universal health coverage, verification and reporting of occupational diseases, vulnerable groups of workers (including persons with disabilities), health and well-being of health workers, mental health at work, occupational skin diseases, work-related musculo-skeletal disorders, new and emerging occupational risks, climate change and workers’ health, and evidence syntheses in occupational health. During the COVID-19 pandemic (October-December 2021), more than 1,600 health workers from SEENWH countries have been trained in occupational health and safety in the context of COVID-19 through a project supported by WHO/Europe. In addition, the SEENWH conducted an online survey on job stress in health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (over 4,600 respondents), and found significant differences between SEENWH countries related to burnout, job engagement, as well as job demands and job resources. As a conclusion, SEENWH should be continuously used as a platform for collaboration at subregional level, to work together towards workers’ health, and to translate research into practice. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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Item type:Publication, Association between occupational exposure and cancer in developing countries: a systematic review(2025-10-08); ; ; Petrovska, EkaterinaObjective: This systematic review aims to identify, evaluate, and synthesize existing evidence about the association between occupational exposure and cancer in developing countries, to conduct risk of bias assessment (RBA), and to identify knowledge gaps to guide future research. Material and Methods: A systematic review is currently conducted across three major databases—MEDLINE (via PubMed), EBSCO, and DynaMed—including studies published between 1990 and 2025. The search strategy was developed in accordance with the PICOs framework, using a combination of search terms, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), and Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to identify relevant studies. The ongoing first phase of this systematic review (MEDLINE database) initially identified a total of 1,759 records which were screened based on title and abstract. For the resulting 41 records, the full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Following the exclusion criteria, four articles without an existing abstract and 28 review articles were removed. In accordance with the inclusion criteria, only original research articles were considered, resulting in 9 full-text articles being included for qualitative synthesis. Screening of EBSCO and DynaMed databases will be conducted in the next phase of the review. RBA was based on the criteria proposed by Shamliyana et al. Results: Preliminary data showed that the most frequently analysed occupational carcinogens in developing countries were: asbestos, silica dust, pesticides, arsenic, and particulate matters. Mostly investigated cancer sites were: lung cancer, melanoma, leukaemia, and colo-rectal cancer. The RBA showed external and internal validity issues for most of the studies. Conclusion: There is a clear need to improve evidence synthesis on occupational exposure and cancer in developing countries, where the burden could be greater but research is limited. Acknowledgements: The authors declare no funding or conflicts of interest. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Prevention of musculoskeletal disorders as occupational health problem among dental professionals(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2024-11-02); Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have been identified as a significant occupational health problem among dental professionals. MSDs can be defined as any injury to the human support system, including the bones, cartilage, muscles, ligaments, tendons, blood vessels, nerves due to exposure to hazards at the workplace. For dental professionals they occur commonly in the neck, shoulder, lower back and wrists. They are significant work-related occupational health problem. Sufferers of MSDs may experience numbness, tingling, pain, decreased strength or swelling of the affected area. Ergonomics helps in designing jobs, equipment and workplaces to fit dental workers in prevention of MSD. The aims of the study are to define the significant risk factors to dental professionals’ health which lead to injuries and prevention of MSDs as occupational health problem. Material and methods: Risk factors of MSDs with specific reference to dentistry include stress, poor flexibility, improper positioning, infrequent breaks, repetitive movements, weak postural muscles, prolonged awkward postures and improper adjustment of equipment. This article includes MSDs and the signs, symptoms and risk factors and the influence of the ergonomics in prevention of these types of injuries Some authors have found symptoms of discomfort for dental workers occurred in the wrist/hands (69.5%), neck (68.5%), upper back (67.4%), low back (56.8%) and shoulders (60.0%). Results: Major health problems for dental professionals are musculoskeletal pain, especially back pain. Early symptoms of MSDs include pan, swelling, tenderness, numbness and loss of strength. Preventive measures for MSD are proper sitting posture, ergonomic equipment such as chairs, arm rests, workstation layout, dentist micro breaks, magnification systems and others. Conclusion: Ergonomic equipment, regular exercises, relaxation techniques and good scheduling assure high productivity, avoidance of illnesses and injuries and reduce the possible MSDs and increase productivity of dental professionals. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Development of research agenda in occupational health in R.N. Macedonia through international cooperation(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2024-11-01)Networking in occupational health (OH) helps to advance knowledge and strengthen research and development. International organizations (ILO, WHO, ICOH) and EC put focus on different aspects of OH. This paper aims to elaborate development of research agenda in OH in R.N. Macedonia through international cooperation. Material and methods. Online search strategy revealed that UN Agenda 2030 addresses OH within Sustainable Development Goal 8 - to achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all; and to protect labor rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers. ICOH aims to foster scientific progress, knowledge, and development of OH in all aspects. Moreover, the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (EU funding organization COST) helps researchers and innovators to create networks, to offer open space for collaboration among scientists across Europe, and to give impetus to address scientific, technological and societal challenges. Results. Researchers from the Institute of Occupational Health in Skopje participated in COST Action TD 1206 (StanDerm), bringing together experts from 28 countries to set common standards on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of occupational skin diseases. COST Action CA16216 (OMEGA-NET) had a concept to create network to harmonize occupational, industrial, and population cohorts in Europe. Researcher Mental Health Observatory (ReMO) guidelines were used to develop actions to improve researcher mental health in R.N. Macedonia. To strengthen resilience of health workers in South-eastern Europe in response to COVID-19 and beyond, WHO/ILO guidance were implemented. ICOH was used as a platform for training and education of experts in order to face the rapidly changing world of work. Conclusions. Networking in OH has to provide an enhanced evidence base for identification of health risks related to occupation to foster safe and healthy preventive strategies. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Associations of burnout with job demands/resources during the pandemic in health workers from Southeast European countries(Frontiers Media SA, 2023-10-24); - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Harmonized definition of occupational burnout: A systematic review, semantic analysis, and Delphi consensus in 29 countries(Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 2020-12-01) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Brucellosis as an Occupational Disease in the Republic of Macedonia(ID Design Press, 2010-09-15); ; ; ; Todorov, StefanBrucellosis, a bacterial disease caused by species of the genus Brucella, is an important zoonosis and recognized as an occupational disease. A high risk of infection with Brucella is associated with certain workplaces related to direct contact with infected animals or their products. Infection may occur by inhalation of infectious aerosols, conjunctival contamination, skin contamination, contact with laboratory cultures and tissue samples, and accidental injection of live vaccines. Brucellosis is included as an occupational disease in the Macedonian List of Occupational Diseases, and diagnosis and verification of the occupational diseases, according to the national medical criteria, are realized at the Occupational Health Institute of R. Macedonia. According to the official health statistics, in the last two decades in Macedonia as an endemic region, a high incidence of human brucellosis has been registered, with more than 300 reported cases per year. In spite of a possible high occupational risk of infection with Brucella sp in the confirmed cases of disease, during 2008-09 just 12 cases of brucellosis (6 stockmen, 5 veterinarians and an agronomist) were confirmed as an occupational disease. These data suggest that human brucellosis is underdiagnosed and underreported as an occupational disease at national level. An adequate management of brucellosis with a multidisciplinary approach should provide more accurate reported data in occupational epidemiology in the country. There is a need to strengthen joint actions within the health care system, to promote an intersectoral collaboration and to support the successful realization of national control programme at the community level.