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    Assessment of the Motivation for Smoking Cessation among the Citizens of the Republic of North Macedonia
    (Galore Knowledge Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022-04-19)
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    Prosheva, Sanja
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    Marya Hubbard
    Introduction: North Macedonia is among the top rated countries with high smoking prevalence with high rate of adult smoking 48.4%, and nearly 81.4% of the smokers started smoking before being 25 years of age. This paper will highlight the prevalence and public’s motivation on smoking cessation, broken down into age groups throughout the entire country of North Macedonia. Materials and Methods: The method is an analytical-descriptive method with cross sectional study, as a result to a quantitative-qualitative survey conducted among the population in 2021 with the collaboration of the Virginia Tech University and the NGO Link Across. Data from the Qualtrics housed surveys and the completed paper surveys were entered into an Excel DB. Descriptive statistics were generated for all questions. Bivariate data were analyzed using r. Results and Discussion: Smoking is widely spread among all age groups, but with a trend to decrease in numbers as the age is of a higher number - 32.2% belongs to the 18 to 24 year old group. Distribution by gender -57.8% female, 40.4% male. Younger age groups have the highest relative frequencies about the intention to quit smoking within one month. Approximately 16% of participants who were smokers and attempted to quit, were smoke free and successful in cessation. Majority of survey participants who attempted to quit were not successful and resumed smoking within 6 months. This is strong justification of smokers who attempt to quit needing a program that would guide them and maintain the attempts for cessation. Conclusions: New state programs for smoking cessation should be offered as soon as possible. Also regarding the changes in smoking protection laws, they should be analyzed; some of the changes need to be reverted regarding the law legislation of the new modern ways of tobacco use, which are on the rise all over the world.
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    Health promotion challenges and opportunities in the Western Balkans: a review of contemporary policies and actions
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2026-01-27)
    Gabrani, Jonila
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    Rommel, Alexander
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    Anton, Aline
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    Cilović-Lagarija, Šeila
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    Grujić-Vujmilović, Dragana
    Background Countries in the Western Balkans (WBCs) fall behind the European Union in implementing effective health promotion. This study explores the key components of national health promotion policies and action plans in Albania, Federation of BiH, and the Republic of Srpska, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, with the aim of describing key action trends, gaps, and challenges, and recommendations for health promotion implementation improvement. Methods Within the framework of the “Western Balkan Strategic Partnership for Health Protection” (WASP) project, implemented in five WBCs on behalf of the Global Health Protection Programme (GHPP), 2023–2025, and using the” Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion” a descriptive observational study was employed, combining data and information provided from the desk review of national legal frameworks, country-specific reports and consultative meetings to describe health promotion policies and action plans implementation in the period from 2010 to 2022. Results WBCs highlight diverse national priorities, such as promoting education and healthy lifestyles (e.g., Albania, Serbia, Federation of BiH, and the Republic of Srpska), addressing health inequalities (e.g., Federation of BiH, and the Republic of Srpska, Serbia), and digital health systems. The strategies and action plans of WBCs have common health promotion goals, and challenges. Community engagement and enforcement of public health policies are insufficient. Preventive care services are notably underdeveloped in rural areas with inadequate healthcare infrastructure. Although legal frameworks show that there is commitment to health promotion, putting action plans into practice is still a challenge, especially when it comes to involving communities and focusing on prevention. Budget transparency and working together across the region could also be improved to better tackle health inequalities and build stronger health systems. Conclusion While WBCs demonstrate growing political commitment to health promotion, substantial gaps remain in translating strategies into sustainable action. Strengthening intersectoral collaboration, improving monitoring systems, securing stable financing, and expanding community participation are crucial for advancing equitable, prevention-oriented health systems across the region.
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    Wernicke’s Encephalopathy from Hyperemesis Gravidarum. A Case Report
    (Albanian Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2024-07-20)
    Dalipi, Teuta
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    Mehmeti, Gazmend
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    Dalipi, Rezeart
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    EMERGING BIOMARKERS AT THE CROSSROADS OF CARDIAC, RENAL, AND HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION: A NEW ERA IN MULTIORGAN RISK STRATIFICATION
    (Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2026-03-24)
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    Petkovski, Dusan
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    Vranjko, Elif
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    Dobjani, Amela
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    Why physicians underuse patient-reported outcomes in atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria — Insights from the UCARE/ADCARE PROMUSE study
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-07)
    Cherrez-Ojeda, Ivan
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    Robles-Velasco, Karla
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    Giménez-Arnau, Ana
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    Godse, Kiran
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    Krasowska, Dorota
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    ‘What’ and ‘How’ to Measure in Allergy and Clinical Immunology: A Systematic Review of Core Outcome Sets and Outcome Harmonisation Processes
    (Wiley, 2026-04-13)
    Demidova, Anastasia
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    Kiknavelidze, Nata
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    Purtskhvanidze, Kristine
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    Alieva, Elvina
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    Ebrahimnejad, Mehrshad
    Background Heterogeneity in outcome reporting and inconsistent use of outcome measurement instruments in allergy and clinical immunology research affects the comparability, synthesis, and clinical applicability of study findings. Harmonisation efforts, particularly Core Outcome Set (COS) development, aim to address these challenges by establishing standardised, evidence‐based and consensus‐driven outcome recommendations. This systematic review aims to map available COS and other harmonisation processes (HP) in allergy and clinical immunology, evaluate their methodological approaches, and assess their alignment with established development standards. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the COMET Initiative database until June 7, 2024 to identify COS and HP. We included studies if they provided recommendations on ‘core’ outcomes and/or outcome measurement instruments. Data extraction included disease focus, methodological approach, stakeholder involvement, and adherence to the Core Outcome Set‐STAndards for Development criteria. We synthesised the data at the initiative (process) level rather than the publication level because harmonisation initiatives are frequently iterative and reported across multiple papers (e.g., protocol, Delphi rounds, consensus statement, and subsequent instrument‐selection outputs). Results A total of 15,612 records were identified, with 44 studies (representing 22 initiatives both finished and in development) meeting inclusion criteria. The majority of initiatives focused on asthma ( n  = 9), followed by eczema (atopic dermatitis n= 2; hand eczema = 1; eczema = 1), urticaria ( n= 2), allergic rhinitis ( n= 2), chronic rhinosinusitis ( n = 1), celiac disease ( n  = 1), Immunoglobulin E (IgE)—mediated food allergy ( n = 1), eosinophilic esophagitis ( n = 1), and hereditary angioedema ( n= 1). No COS or HP addressed drug allergy, anaphylaxis, or other immune‐mediated allergic conditions. ‘Quality of life’ was consistently included in all COS with ‘signs and symptoms’, ‘exacerbations’ and ‘disease control’ frequently selected as well. Methodological approaches to COS development varied widely, with most employing Delphi surveys, consensus meetings, and stakeholder involvement, though levels of engagement differed. COS developers inconsistently adhered to Core Outcome Set‐STAndards for Development criteria, with some initiatives demonstrating rigorous methodology while others lacked transparency in key developmental steps. Conclusion This review highlights growing efforts to harmonise outcome assessment in allergy and clinical immunology. Major gaps remain in coverage and methodological rigour. Quality of life and patient‐reported symptoms are frequently recommended outcomes, yet definitions and measurement tools are inconsistent. Strengthening methodological consistency and expanding COS development to neglected areas are critical next steps to improve outcome reliability and comparability in the field.
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    Evaluation of Scoliosis Deviation with Clinical Measurements during Physical Therapy
    (Scientific Foundation Spiroski (publications), 2013-03-15)
    Popova Ramova Elizabeta
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    Milica Lazovic
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    Pathohistomorphometric and Immuno-Histologic Changes in Early Arteriovenous Fistula Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts/Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024-07-15)
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    Popov, Zivko
    Background Hemodialysis is a prevalent treatment for the end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. The primary arteriovenous fistula (AVF), widely considered the optimal hemodialysis access method, fails to mature in up to two-thirds of the cases. The etiology of the early AVF failure, defined as thrombosis or inability to use within three months post-creation remains less understood, and is influenced by various factors including patient demographics, surgical techniques, and genetic predispositions. Neointimal hyperplasia is a primary histological finding in stenotic lesions leading to the AVF failure. However, there are insufficient data on the cellular phenotypes and the impact of the preexisting CKD-related factors. This study aims to investigate the histological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical alterations in the fistula vein, pre-, peri-, and post-early failure. Materials and Methods Eighty-nine stage 4-5 CKD patients underwent standard preoperative assessment, including the Doppler ultrasound, before a typical radio-cephalic AVF creation. Post-failure, a new AVF was created proximally. The vein specimens were collected during the surgery, processed, and analyzed for morphometric analyses and various cellular markers, including Vimentin, TGF, and Ki 67. Results The study enrolled 89 CKD patients, analyzing various aspects of their condition and AVF failures. The histomorphometric analysis revealed substantial venous luminal stenosis and varied endothelial changes. The immunohistologic analysis showed differential marker expressions pre- and post-AVF creation. Conclusion This study highlights the complexity of the early AVF failures in CKD patients. The medial hypertrophy emerged as a significant preexisting lesion, while the postoperative analyses indicated a shift towards neointimal hyperplasia. The research underscores the nuanced interplay of vascular remodeling, endothelial damage, and cellular proliferation in the AVF outcomes.