Faculty of Medicine

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    Primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-06)
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    Stankovic, Zoran B.
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    Evaluation of Neonatal Screening Programs for Tyrosinemia Type 1 Worldwide
    (MDPI AG, 2024-12-16)
    Kuypers, Allysa
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    Bouva, Marelle
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    Loeber, J.
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    Boelen, Anita
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    Dekkers, Eugenie
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    Diet and sex inequities in ischemic heart disease mortality across Europe: findings from the global burden of disease study
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-11)
    Bugiardini, Raffaele
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    Rahaman, Tania
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    Manfrini, Olivia
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    Maas, Angela
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    Bergami, Maria
    Aims Sex differences in ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality remain underexplored from a population-level case fatality perspective. This study evaluates sex-specific disparities in IHD mortality and risk-attributable causes across 27 European Union (EU) countries using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data. Methods and results We calculated age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), prevalence rates (ASPRs), and mortality-to-prevalence ratios (MPRs) as a proxy for population-level case fatality. To quantify mortality attributable to specific exposures among individuals with IHD, we derived a case fatality index (CFI) by normalizing risk-attributable ASMRs to ASPRs. Z-scores quantified the magnitude and statistical significance of sex differences in MPRs and CFIs (|Z| ≥ 1.96 = P < 0.05; |Z| ≥ 2.58 = P < 0.01). From 2011 to 2021, IHD ASMRs declined by 24.0% in men and 19.1% in women. In 2011, 12 countries showed significantly higher MPRs in women than men. By 2021, Austria (MPR 6.0% vs. 3.6%), Greece (9.4% vs. 5.3%), and Malta (9.3% vs. 4.2%) remained outliers, with Z-scores >2.58 (P < 0.01). CFIs showed that women in these countries faced 40 to 60% higher mortality burdens from hypertension, hyperglycemia, and poor dietary intake. Low intake of omega-3 fatty acids, fibers, vegetables, and nuts/seeds accounted for the largest dietary disparities. Conclusion Despite declining IHD mortality rates, Austria, Greece, and Malta continue to exhibit significant sex disparities, with women experiencing disproportionately higher case fatality. These disparities are largely driven by modifiable cardiometabolic and dietary risks, underscoring the need for sex-specific, regionally tailored prevention strategies.
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    A challenging "silent depth" clinical scenario in North Macedonia: Unmasking a rare case of amelanotic melanoma with trapezius muscle invasion and metastatic disease
    (Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), 2025)
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    Gjorgjeska, Andrijana
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    Ivanova, Maja
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    Aleksovski, Darko
    Introduction: Amelanotic melanoma is a subtype of melanoma that exhibits little or no pigment on visual or histological examination. Approximately 1-8% of all melanomas are amelanotic. It can mimic various benign or malignant melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin tumors, thereby presenting a significant diagnostic challenge. Primary amelanotic melanoma with muscle involvement is an extremely rare entity. A review of the literature revealed no series or case reports. Case Report: We present the case of a 62-yearold female patient with primary amelanotic melanoma infiltrating the trapezius muscle. The tumor was excised together with a clinically positive lymph node on the right side of the neck. Computed tomography (CT) angiography of the lungs, abdomen, and pelvis demonstrated bilateral diffuse nodular changes, a mediastinal pretracheal lymph node, and multiple diffuse liver lesions, consistent with secondary deposits. Molecular pathology revealed positivity for the BRAF V600E2/K/R/D mutation, and the patient began firstline targeted therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibition in accordance with protocols for BRAF-positive metastatic melanoma. Three months later, a follow-up CT scan demonstrated complete remission of the previously observed metastatic changes. Conclusion: Primary amelanotic melanoma with muscle involvement is exceptionally rare, with no published series or case reports identified. This case highlights the importance of early detection and treatment in suspected melanoma and underscores the need to consider melanoma in all clinically unclear cases.
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    Arthroscopy in Acute Ankle Fractures: A Weber Classification-Based Analysis
    (ISRES Publishing, 2025-10-01)
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    Ankle fractures are common orthopedic injuries, often treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). However, 21% to 45% of patients report unsatisfactory outcomes, possibly due to intraarticular pathology. This study aimed to assess these injuries arthroscopically and statistically analyse their prevalence and relation to the Weber classification. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 48 patients with acute ankle fractures at the University Clinic for Surgical Diseases “St. Naum Ohridski” from January 2020 to January 2023. Patients underwent standard preoperative radiographic examinations and were classified according to the Weber classification, followed by arthroscopic intraarticular examination and ORIF. The arthroscopic examination evaluated syndesmotic injury, chondral lesions, loose bodies, and deltoid ligament injuries. Forty-eight patients were studied, with intraarticular pathology found in 33 cases (68.75%). For Weber fractures: type A had 58.33%, type B had 72.73%, and type C had 84.21% of intraarticular pathology. Syndesmotic injury appeared in 33.33% of type A, 50% of type B, and 41.67% of type C fractures. Chondral lesions occurred in 41.67% of type A, 54.55% of type B, and 66.67% of type C fractures. Loose bodies were detected in 8.33% of type A, 18.18% of type B, and 25% of type C fractures. Deltoid ligament injuries were observed in 16.67% of type A, 27.27% of type B, and 41.67% of type C fractures. The study concludes that arthroscopy during ORIF in ankle fractures is valuable for diagnosing intraarticular pathology. It highlights the Weber classification's importance, noting that type C fractures have a higher chance of such involvement. Understanding arthroscopy's diagnostic value in these cases helps surgeons decide on concurrent interventions during ORIF, potentially improving patient outcomes. Further research may investigate how arthroscopy-guided interventions affect clinical outcomes.
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    ANGIOSARCOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER: A RARE CASE REPORT
    (2025-10-01)
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    Rushiti Q
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