Faculty of Medicine

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    Pandemic-induced stress escalation among women in North Macedonia
    (Journal of Morphological science, 2023-11)
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    Darko Iliev
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    The Science of Women Leadership
    (Montenegrin Association of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2023)
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    Attachment style and occurrence of intimate partner violence in women
    (2023)
    Blazevska, Vesna
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    Jovanovska Stojanovska, Mirjana
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    Stojmanovska, Katica
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    Sopronov, Aleksej
    The purpose of this research was to contribute to the literature regarding intimate partner violence and women's attachment style. According to the results obtained, intimate partner violence at least occurs among women who have a secure attachment style, followed by women who have a preoccupied affective attachment style. The highest level of violence in the relationship is reported by women who have an avoidant attachment style, and a somewhat lower level of violence is reported by women with a fearful attachment style. 115 women aged 18 to 65 participated in the research. The average age of the respondents is 35.7 years. Of them, 61.10% are married, and 29.90% are in an intimate relationship with a permanent partner, and the average duration of the relationship is 12.5 years. Regarding the level of education, 55.30% have completed secondary school, and 44.70% have higher education. According to employment status, 64.90% are employed and 35.10% are unemployed. All respondents are of Macedonian nationality and Orthodox religion. The results indicate that the existence of a negative image of the partner appears as a factor of occurrence of intimate partner violence.
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    Sex differences and disparities in cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2023-01-18)
    Bugiardini, Raffaele
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    Nava, Stefano
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    Caramori, Gaetano
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    Yoon, Jinsung
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    Badimon, Lina
    Background Previous analyses on sex differences in case fatality rates at population-level data had limited adjustment for key patient clinical characteristics thought to be associated with COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to estimate the risk of specific organ dysfunctions and mortality in women and men. Methods and Results This retrospective cross-sectional study included 17 hospitals within 5 European countries participating in the International Survey of Acute Coronavirus Syndromes (ISACS) COVID-19(NCT05188612). Participants were individuals hospitalized with positive SARS-CoV-2 from March 2020 to February 2022. Risk-adjusted ratios(RR) of in-hospital mortality, acute respiratory failure(ARF), acute heart failure(AHF), and acute kidney injury(AKI) were calculated for women versus men. Estimates were evaluated by inverse probability of weighting and logistic regression models. The overall care cohort included 4,499 patients with COVID-19 associated hospitalizations. Of these, 1,524(33.9%) were admitted to ICU, and 1,117(24.8%) died during hospitalization. Compared with men, women were less likely to be admitted to ICU (RR:0.80; 95%CI: 0.71–0.91). In general wards (GW) and ICU cohorts, the adjusted women-to-men RRs for in-hospital mortality were of 1.13(95%CI: 0.90–1.42) and 0.86(95%CI: 0.70–1.05; pinteraction=0.04). Development of AHF, AKI and ARF was associated with increased mortality risk (ORs: 2.27; 95%CI; 1.73–2.98,3.85; 95%CI:3.21–4.63 and 3.95; 95%CI:3.04–5.14, respectively). The adjusted RRs for AKI and ARF were comparable among women and men regardless of intensity of care. By contrast, female sex was associated with higher odds for AHF in GW, but not in ICU (RRs:1.25; 95%CI0.94–1.67 versus 0.83; 95%CI:0.59–1.16, pinteraction=0.04). Conclusions Women in GW were at increased risk of AHF and in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 compared with men. For patients receiving ICU care, fatal complications including AHF and mortality appeared to be independent of sex. Equitable access to COVID-19 ICU care is needed to minimize the unfavourable outcome of women presenting with COVID-19 related complications.
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    Women's Safety and Gender-Based Violence in the Republic of North Macedonia
    (Frontiers Editorial Office, 2020-02-21)
    Violence against women in the Republic of North Macedonia is the most common form of human rights violation, and women's safety is thus a high-priority public health problem. There have been significant achievements in the area of policy development: legislation harmonization for human rights protection, prevention of violence against women, protocols for the treatment and support of female victims, especially those with disabilities, and further collaboration and coordination between different sectors. In practice, there is still a need to establish a system of institutions for effective prevention, protection, gathering of evidence, and support of women victims of gender-based violence in addition to the prosecution of perpetrators. Policies for the improvement of women's safety should be considered as a priority and undertaken at an individual, relationship, community, and society level.