Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, Nutrition, information and risk factors for development of cardiovascular diseases in a segment of high school youth in the Republic of Macedonia(Институт за јавно здравје на Република Македонија = Institute of public health of Republic of Macedonia, 2013); The findings so far about the increasing prevalence of risk factors for occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in particular, which are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, as well as the fact that atherosclerosis begins in childhood, points to the need of urgent preventive measures at an early age. Aim of the study: Assessment of the eating habits, awareness and knowledge of risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases among the high school population in RM. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was made in the period January – June 2011. The sample comprised of 347 respondents, students in the 4th year, aged 17-18 years, from a total of 9 high schools in RM. A structured questionnaire was prepared for the purpose of gathering the necessary data. The SPSS16.0 programme was used for statistical processing of the data. The following statistical methods were used: distribution of continuous variables, distribution of categorical variables; for testing the significance of the differences in the distribution of the obtained answers on the continuous variables, depending on the obtained distribution: t-test for independent samples. A statistical significance was determined as a p value <0.05. Results: The survey showed that the high school students in RM have poor eating habits, 57.6% eat fast food, 36.9% are overweight, 32.6% usually eat red meat and 29.4% eat processed meat several times a week, 36.6% eat fish only once a month, 57.1% are partially informed about the risk factors that lead to cardiovascular diseases etc. Conclusion: The partial information of the high school students on healthy nutrition and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases should motivate us to work harder on the health education in the schools. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Influence of a School Environment on Obesity in Children(MDPI Proceedings, 2024-02); Obesity is a complex, multifactorial and widespread condition that affects all age groups of children. The rising prevalence of childhood obesity has become an important public health challenge because it affects the physical and mental health of children and is becoming an economic burden on the health systems. North Macedonia, as part of WHO’s Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI), is collecting data to show the importance of the surveillance of obesity in school-aged children and to provide evidence for informed policy making. Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to further investigate the influence of a school environment on obesity in 7-year-old schoolchildren and therefore improve children’s nutrition by targeting the food environment in and around schools. Materials and methods: Anthropometric measurements of body height and body weight were performed, and data from a school environment were collected, following the COSI protocol and data-collecting procedures. Results: The results from the previous rounds show that the overweight (including obesity) prevalence in 7–9-year-old schoolchildren is 31%. While physical education lessons in schools consist of 120 minutes of physical activity per week, only one-third of the schools studied organize sport activities outside school hours, and 39% of schools do not have indoor gyms. Only 31.2% of the schools are free of sugary beverage and calorie-dense food advertisements, but there are nutritional education classes in the curriculum in almost every school. One-third of the schools provide fresh fruit and one-third have vending machines on their premises, enabling children to acquire unhealthy snacks and beverages other than water and fruit juice. Conclusion: By comparing the previous and latest anthropometric data, there is a rising trend of childhood obesity in the country. School environments should be improved towards providing healthier nutrition and physical activity practices for pupils. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Nutrition in Advanced Age Population(Consulting and Training Center KEY, 2021-09); Nutritional status of an individual is affected by genetic and environmental factors, access to nutrients, personal preferences, nutritional awareness, comorbidities and daily habits. The number of individuals aged over 65 is increasing globally. This review will look at strategies for nutritional screening and diet therapy in the elderly, taking into account phenomena that influence nutrition and commonly affect this age group. Malnutrition can be assessed via criteria that account for loss of weight, muscle and subcutaneous fat, in combination with decreased energy intake and functional status. Malnutrition and involuntary weight loss are associated with an increased mortality risk, while some studies show that voluntary weight loss reduces this risk. Malnutrition leads to a plethora of negative outcomes, and may signal dire underlying disease such as malignancy. Factors that predispose to malnutrition in the elderly include: anatomical and physiological changes of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system and body composition, and impairment of sight, smell and taste. Concomitant illnesses affecting the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys, and depression and dementia also negatively impact nutrition, while socio-economic changes interfere with access to food. Once identified, malnutrition can be mitigated via diet therapy which aims to tailor nutrition to the aforementioned changes, compensate any deficiencies and prevent future recurrence. Special attention should be paid to caloric, protein and fat requirements and diet supplementation with vitamin D, B12, iron and calcium. Focused nutritional assessment can aid in timely detection of malnutrition and its constituent components, which include anorexia, cachexia and sarcopenia. This also provides the opportunity to identify underlying malignancy, and systemic and psychiatric conditions. Diet therapy can then be tailored to accommodate for these conditions and to the changes known to occur in the elderly, potentially mitigating malnutrition and reducing mortality risk. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Proposal of 0.5 mg of protein/100 g of processed food as threshold for voluntary declaration of food allergen traces in processed food-A first step in an initiative to better inform patients and avoid fatal allergic reactions: A GA²LEN position paper(Wiley, 2021-11-06) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A Snapshot of European Children’s Eating Habits: Results from the Fourth Round of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI)(MDPI AG, 2020-08-17)