Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, NGAL and HPV Subtypes in Cervical Carcinoma: Implications for Cancer Progression and Treatment Response(MDPI AG, 2026-02-23); ; Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer is a prominent source of morbidity and mortality among women, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a glycoprotein involved in cancer-related activities, has been proposed as a biomarker; however, its involvement in cervical cancer remains unknown. The study aim is to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum NGAL levels in cervical cancer patients in relation to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, operability, and HPV subtype distribution before and after treatment. Methods: The study involved 130 women, 100 with histologically proven cervical cancer and 30 healthy controls. The serum NGAL levels were determined before and after treatment using an ELISA test. HPV genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR on 21 high- and low-risk subtypes. Results: NGAL levels increased marginally during therapy (from 134 to 144 ng/mL; p = 0.28), but the rise was significant in inoperable patients (p = 0.02) and increased with advanced FIGO stage, although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). HPV 16 was the most common subtype (26.0%), while women aged 51–60 had the highest overall HPV positive rate (72.7%). There was no significant association between NGAL levels and HPV subtypes (p = 0.17). Conclusion: NGAL does not appear to be an accurate short-term indicator of therapy response. However, increased levels in advanced-stage and inoperable instances indicate prognostic significance. NGAL most likely represents tumor-associated inflammation rather than HPV subtype. These findings support its possible inclusion in future biomarker panels, subject to validation in bigger investigations. Persistent HPV infection in midlife women highlights the significance of ongoing screening.</jats:p> - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Linking inflammation and cardiovascular disease: the emerging role of lipoprotein-associated phosphoplipase A2(Ltd Chetverta Кhvylia, 2025-12); Over the past decades, inflammation has been recognized as a key contributor to the development of atherosclerosis, prompting extensive research. Numerous inflammatory markers have demonstrated predictive value for both initial and recurrent coronary events in individuals with or without established coronary vascular disease (CVD). Among these, lipo protein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp PLA2) has garnered significant attention. Lp PLA2 may be involved in the athero sclerotic process and contribute to plaque destabilization through its inflammatory activity within atherosclerotic lesions. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp PLA2), a recently identified cardiovascular specific inflammatory mediator, is closely associated with the onset and progression of cardiovascular events. This review explores the potential of Lp PLA2 as both a risk marker and a therapeutic target in CVD. Elevated levels of Lp PLA2 mass and activity have been linked to an increased risk of CVD in both the general population and patients with pre existing disease. However, it remains uncer tain whether incorporating Lp PLA2 measurements into risk prediction models significantly enhances risk stratification beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, the failure of darapladib, a potent and selective Lp PLA2 inhibitor, to reduce CVD events in major randomized, placebo controlled trials suggests the importance of ongoing research to fully understand its functions and develop effective strategies for CVD prevention and treatment. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, BIOMARKERS IN OBESITY-RELATED METABOLIC SYNDROME: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO CLINICAL APPLICATION(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2025-11-25) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Plasma levels of C-reactive protein and Interleukin-6 as markers of inflammation in patients with operative treated fractures(Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2024-11); Conditions that affect plasma concentrations of acute-phase proteins include infections, trauma, surgical treatment, burns, tissue ischemia (infarctions), various immunological inflammatory conditions and cancer. The cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the main stimulator for the production of numerous acute-phase proteins. It has been established that the induction of C-reactive protein (CRP) and production of serum amyloid A is caused by the cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 or TNF-alpha. Elevated levels of IL-6 during acute injuries or stress are often used as an indicator of systemic inflammation and are predictors of preoperative morbidity. We undertook this prospective randomized study in 90 patients undergoing surgery procedure after high-energy trauma, low-energy trauma and open fracture to define plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP over a 2-week period. We presented our results at seven time points, namely 6 hours pre-operatively and post-operatively in 2, 4, 5, 7 and 14 days respectively. We have attempted to find out whether IL-6 and CRP levels returned to baseline during this study period. In our study, we determined the influence of the examined parameters CRP and IL-6 in plasma on the early detection of surgical postoperative inflammation in operatively treated fractures. With the obtained results of our examined parameters, we can state that is provided a place for the routine procedure of CRP and IL-6 as predictors of possible postoperative inflammation. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Correlation of serum levels of inflammatory cytokines with severe form of cholecystitis(Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2022); - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: a consensus paper from the ESC Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & Microcirculation, ESC Working Group on Thrombosis and the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2021-09-16) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Association of vascular and inflammatory markers with metabolic disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome(National Library of Serbia, 2019); ; <jats:p>Background/Aim. The prevalence of metabolic disorders, obesity and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) occur early in life and places this group at risk of cardiovascular disease. Hyperhomocysteinemia and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) activity have an effect on promoting atherosclerosis. This study was designed to evaluate whether high sensitivity (hs-CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) are elevated in PCOS and to elucidate their possible relation to obesity, insulin resistance, or metabolic changes usually present in women suffering from PCOS. Methods. Serum concentration of hs-CRP and plasma levels of Hcy were evaluated in 73 PCOS women and 43 healthy women, together with clinical, anthropometric and hormonal parameters. Results. The mean of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio and mean concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, androstenedione, free androgen index, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA- IR), hs-CRP and Hcy were significantly higher in PCOS women compared to age-matched healthy women. There was a positive correlation between hs-CRP and BMI, WC, insulin, triglycerides (p < 0.001) and significant negative correlation with LH, sex hormone binding protein (SHGB), HOMA-IR, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.001). The Hcy concentration had a significant negative correlation with HDL-C level (p < 0.05). The present study demonstrated increased mean concentration of Hcy in hs-CRP women with PCOS. Conclusion. Our results support the use of these biomarkers in the evaluation of potential risk for cardiovascular diseases and early prognosis and treatment implications.</jats:p> - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian Medical Association, 2016); ; ; ; Introduction: Insulin resistance is the most common extrahepatic manifestation associated with hepatitis C virus, which leads to developing more pronounced fibrosis and liver steatosis. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance in non-diabetic, treatment naive patients with chronic hepatitis C and to analyze the relation of insulin resistance with genotype, viral load, gender, age, laboratory parameters, inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the liver, body mass index (BMI) and the presence of steatosis. Material and methods: In this cross sectional study, 224 patients with hepatitis C viral infection were included. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group was with no insulin resistance and the second one with present insulin resistance. They were compared in terms of genotype, viral load, gender, age, inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the liver, BMI and liver steatosis. Results: Insulin resistance was present in 45.5% of patients. The following factors were associated with insulin resistance: age (p = 0.0022), inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the liver (p = 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively), steatosis (p = 0.015) and transaminase activities (for AST, p = 0,002, for ALT, p = 0.001). Conclusion: In the Republic of Macedonia, high percentage of 45.5% among non-diabetic and treatment naïve patients with chronic viral hepatitis C, had insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was more prevalent in older patients, in those with more pronounced inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the liver, in patients with steatosis and in those with higher transaminase activity.