Faculty of Medicine

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    Linking inflammation and cardiovascular disease: the emerging role of lipoprotein-associated phosphoplipase A2
    (Ltd Chetverta Кhvylia, 2025-12)
    Kostovska, Irena
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    Over the past decades, inflammation has been recognized as a key contributor to the development of atherosclerosis, prompting extensive research. Numerous inflammatory markers have demonstrated predictive value for both initial and recurrent coronary events in individuals with or without established coronary vascular disease (CVD). Among these, lipo protein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp PLA2) has garnered significant attention. Lp PLA2 may be involved in the athero sclerotic process and contribute to plaque destabilization through its inflammatory activity within atherosclerotic lesions. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp PLA2), a recently identified cardiovascular specific inflammatory mediator, is closely associated with the onset and progression of cardiovascular events. This review explores the potential of Lp PLA2 as both a risk marker and a therapeutic target in CVD. Elevated levels of Lp PLA2 mass and activity have been linked to an increased risk of CVD in both the general population and patients with pre existing disease. However, it remains uncer tain whether incorporating Lp PLA2 measurements into risk prediction models significantly enhances risk stratification beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, the failure of darapladib, a potent and selective Lp PLA2 inhibitor, to reduce CVD events in major randomized, placebo controlled trials suggests the importance of ongoing research to fully understand its functions and develop effective strategies for CVD prevention and treatment.
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    Dyslipidaemia and hypertension in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts/De Gruyter, 2009-12)
    Velkoska Nakova, Valentina
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    Dimitrovski, Chedomir
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    Serafimoski, Vladimir
    Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with dyslipidaemia and arterial hypertension. Methods: At the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Skopje, R. Macedonia, we examined 24 consecutive patients with SCH and 13 healthy controls in a period of 6 months. SCH was defined as an elevated thyrotropin (TSH) (> 4.2 mU/l) and normal free thyroxine (fT4) level (10.3-24.45 pmol/l). None of the patients had been previously treated with thyroxine. In all participants we determined blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), TSH, fT4, antibodies to thyroid peroxidise (TPOabs), total lipids (TL), total cholesterol (TH), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides. Results: Mean diastolic blood pressure increased in SCH patients vis-a-vis controls (85 vs. 74 mmHg; p < 0.05). Mean values of TL, TH, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C were no different in patients with SCH compared with controls. Individual analysis revealed that the percentages of patients with SCH having arterial hypertension (29%), hypertriglyceridaemia (34.78%), elevated LDL-C (41.66%), elevated TC/HDL-C (21.7%), and LDL-C/HDL-C (21.74%) ratios were higher than the percentages in controls. No significant correlation between TSH and biochemical parameters was detected. Conclusion: Our study revealed that SCH patients have a greater prevalence of dyslipidaemia and arterial hypertension, and, as well, a greater value of mean diastolic pressure vs. control patients.
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    Paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms in lipid oxidation and atherosclerosis development
    (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2022-09-02)
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    Vavlukis, Ana
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    Krsteva, Katerina
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    Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is calcium-dependent aryldialkylphosphatase, thought to possess; anti-oxidant, anti-adhesion, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombosis and anti-apoptosis effects, as well as lipid-modifying properties. Numerous clinical studies have shown associations between different PON1 polymorphisms and different cardiovascular pathologies. The rs622 (c.575A > G) and the rs854560 (c.163A > T) are the most studied PON1 SNPs in the coding region, with rs705381 (− 162A/G), rs854572 (− 909G/C) and rs705379 (− 108C/T) being the most studied SNPs in the regulatory PON1 gene region. The three major PON1 activities are aryldialkylphosphatase, arylesterase and lactonase activity. The different SNPs affect PON1 serum concentrations and enzyme activity, thus leading to pro-/anti-atherogenic effects. In that setting, it is very difficult to establish as to whether the genotype or phenotype of PON1 is primarily associated with cardiovascular risk. Given the current scientific evidence, PON1 genotyping might be reasonable in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk.</jats:p>