Faculty of Medicine

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IMPACT OF AWARENESS-RAISING CAMPAIGN ON PREVENTION OF PYROTECHNIC-RELATED HAND INJURIES IN NORTH MACEDONIA DURING CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS
(Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2023-04)
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Kochoska, Renata
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Aleksovski, Darko
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Hadzitrifon, Sara
Firecrackers and other pyrotechnic materials are used worldwide to celebrate national, religious, cultural festivals and holidays. In our country the use of firecrackers is usually during the holiday season, particularly during New Year's and Christmas days. The majority of users of firecrackers are adolescents who want to make the celebration more exciting, not being aware of the harmful effects and severe injures they can get by using pyrotechnics. The injuries caused by using pyrotechnics can vary from moderate such as first or second-degree burns to severe injuries like traumatic amputation of the fingers and hand, resulting in life-long mutilation. These injuries are expected to have long-term functional and psychological sequalae. Precisely because of that, our clinic started an awareness-raising campaign on prevention of pyrotechnic-hand injuries (PPH campaign) named "Don't let the firecrackers ruin your holidays”. The aim of this article is to present the impact of our PPH campaign in awareness raising against the use of pyrotechnic explosives and prevention of severe hand injuries by educating 15-16-year-old students about the dangers of using pyrotechnics and emphasizing the complexity of the hand and its importance in everyday life. In our study we used an anonymous questionnaire in order to see what was the impact of our presentation and discussions on students during the PPH campaign. From our 5-year experience with this type of campaign, we can see that awareness campaigns gave excellent results in decreasing the number of hand injuries. Therefore, our goal is this PPH awareness–raising campaign to be organized every year for generations to come.
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Nutrition, information and risk factors for development of cardiovascular diseases in a segment of high school youth in the Republic of Macedonia
(Институт за јавно здравје на Република Македонија = Institute of public health of Republic of Macedonia, 2013)
Mitrevska, Suzana
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The findings so far about the increasing prevalence of risk factors for occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in particular, which are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, as well as the fact that atherosclerosis begins in childhood, points to the need of urgent preventive measures at an early age. Aim of the study: Assessment of the eating habits, awareness and knowledge of risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases among the high school population in RM. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was made in the period January – June 2011. The sample comprised of 347 respondents, students in the 4th year, aged 17-18 years, from a total of 9 high schools in RM. A structured questionnaire was prepared for the purpose of gathering the necessary data. The SPSS16.0 programme was used for statistical processing of the data. The following statistical methods were used: distribution of continuous variables, distribution of categorical variables; for testing the significance of the differences in the distribution of the obtained answers on the continuous variables, depending on the obtained distribution: t-test for independent samples. A statistical significance was determined as a p value <0.05. Results: The survey showed that the high school students in RM have poor eating habits, 57.6% eat fast food, 36.9% are overweight, 32.6% usually eat red meat and 29.4% eat processed meat several times a week, 36.6% eat fish only once a month, 57.1% are partially informed about the risk factors that lead to cardiovascular diseases etc. Conclusion: The partial information of the high school students on healthy nutrition and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases should motivate us to work harder on the health education in the schools.
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SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES OF THE SOMATOTYPE IN MACEDONIAN ADOLESCENT POPULATION
(EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ANATOMY (EACA), 2019)
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Introduction: Changes in somatotype in child and adolescent period of growth and development will contribute for better understanding of variations in body shape and composition in adult period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the somatotype in Macedonian adolescent population. Material and methods: This study included 895 adolescent students (475 males and 420 females) at the age of 15 to 18 years. Ten anthropometric parameters: body height, weight, elbow and knee diameter, triceps, subscapular, supraspinale and calf skinfold, arm and calf circumferences were measured to assess the somatotype according to Heat–Carter somatotyping method. For evaluation of somatotype software package Somatotype-Calculation and Analysis V1.1.Monte Goulding, Sweat Technologies, Mitchell Park, South Australia was used. Testing of sex and age-specific differences was done with analysis of variance. Differences for p <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: The results obtained shows a significant sex difference (p<0.05) for mesomorph component in all age groups and for ectomorph component at the age of 17 years in favor of males, and for endomorph component at the age of 15, 16 and 17 years in favor of females. In all age groups the most of females were more endomorphic ( balanced endomorph and mesomorphic endomorph). In males most of the participants belonged to mesomorph-endomorh and endomorphic mesomorph somatotype. Conclusions: We found sex differences of somatotypes in Macedonian adolescents 15 to 18-years old. The obtained values can be use in physic investigations for better understanding of changes in body composition between both sexes.
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Body Height, Weight and Body Mass Index in Macedonian Adolescents
(Македонско Лекарско Друштво, 2020)
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Objectives: Anthropometric measurements, especially in the period of childhood and adolescence are good indicators of health and nutrition of youth population. The aim of this study was to evaluate sex and age-specific differences of body height, weight and body mass index in Macedonian adolescents at the age 11 to 18 years. Material and Methods: This study included 2390 adolescent students (1238 males and 1152 females), from primary schools and high schools in four cities the Macedonia. Body height and body weight were measured and BMI was calculated (kg/m2). For the aim of categorization of the anthropometric indices’ values (height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI), percentile cut-off points were used: < 5th percentile; from the 15th to 85th percentile; from 85th to 95th percentile and above the 95th percentile. Results: Between the sexes after the age of 13 years until 18 years mean values for body height was higher in males and we found significant differences for p<0.05. Sex differences were significant for body weight from the age of 12 to the age of 18 years in favor of males. The values of body mass index increased with the age in both sexes. BMI showed higher values for cut-off points for 50-th percentile in favor of males in all age groups but without significant differences. Conclusion: The found values are recommended to be applied for evaluation of deviations in growth and nutrition in 11- years-old to 18-years-old Macedonian adolescents.
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Socioeconomic status hypothesis in asthma and eczema in young adolescents
(The Balkan Societies of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, 2006)
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Stavric, Katerina
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Seckova, Lidija
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Kimovska, Milica
Background: As studies in different populations have shown conflicting results about the relationship between asthma and socioeconomic status and its association with eczema has been less extensively studied, the study was aimed to explore the socioeconomic status hypothesis in asthma and eczema in young adolescents in the Republic of Macedonia. Methods: The self-reported data from 3026 children aged 13/14 years from randomly selected schools in Skopje, the capital of Macedonia, were obtained through the standardized International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three written questionnaires. Family size, mother’s educational level, tobacco smoke at home, wood/coal/oil heating at home and body mass index, as some socioeconomic status measures, were statistically correlated to asthma and eczema symptoms by odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) in binary logistic regression. Results: Small families and overweight significantly increased the risk of ever-diagnosed asthma (OR 2.160, 95% CI 1.110-4.203 P=0.023 and OR 2.085, 95% CI 1.109-3.922 P=0.023, respectively). As well overweight was significantly associated with increased risk of current night cough (OR 1.365, 95% CI 1.053-1.771 P=0.019), while mother’s university education with decreased risk of the same symptom (OR 0.759, 95% CI 0.620-0.930 P=0.008). A significant association between the severity of asthma, eczema and investigated measures of socioeconomic status was not found. Conclusion: The results support the positive association between socioeconomic status and asthma only, without any effect of socioeconomic status on asthma severity and eczema.
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Acetaminophen intake and risk of asthma, hay fever and eczema in early adolescence
(2007-09)
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Stavric, Katerina
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Seckova, Lidija
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Kimovska, Milica
A positive association between acetaminophen intake and allergic diseases has recently been reported in developed countries with impaired oxidant/antioxidant balance and promotion of atopy as proposed underlying mechanisms. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between acetaminophen intake and asthma, hay fever, and eczema in The Republic of Macedonia as a country with acetaminophen intake not physician-controlled, high passive smoke exposure and dietary antioxidant intake, and moderately low prevalence of allergic diseases. Self-reported data obtained through the standardized International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three written questionnaires of 3026 adolescents aged 13/14 years from randomly selected schools in Skopje, the capital of Macedonia, were used. The frequency of current acetaminophen intake--both unadjusted and adjusted for confounding factors--was correlated to current and ever-diagnosed asthma, hay fever and eczema by odds ratios (OR, 95% CI) in binary logistic regression. Use of acetaminophen at least once monthly increased the risk of current wheeze (adjusted OR 2.04, 1.31-3.20 p = 0.002), asthma 'ever' (adjusted OR 2.77, 1.06-7.26 p=0.039), current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (adjusted OR 2.95, 1.79-4.88 p=0.000) and hay fever 'ever' (adjusted OR 2.25, 1.36-3.70 p=0.002). A significant association between frequent acetaminophen intake and atopic eczema and also between infrequent acetaminophen intake and investigated allergic diseases was not established. The findings suggest an increased risk of asthma and hay fever, but not atopic eczema associated with frequent acetaminophen use in a developing country.
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Somatotype in 11 years old Macedonian adolescents
(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2018-04-12)
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Kavecan, Ivana
Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate sex and ethnic differences of somatotype in Macedonian adolescents at the age of 11 years. Subjects and Methods. In this study 315 adolescent students (167 males and 148 females), from Macedonian and Albanian nationality at age of 11 years were included from primary schools in two cities: Skopje and Strumica in R. Macedonia. Ten anthropometric parameters were measured using standard equipment and measurement technique to assess the somatotype according to Heat–Carter somatotyping method. Results. Although there were not significant sex and ethnic differences of somatotype components between the groups at the age of 11 years, from the obtained results we concluded that males and females of Macedonian ethnic group had higher values for endomorph component than their Albanian pears, who had higher values for mesomorph and ectomoph component. Conclusion. Ethnic group should be taken in mind for easier evaluation and understanding of differences in anthropometric parameters of growth and body composition in Macedonian adolescents.

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