Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, Anthropometric indices: waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio cut-off percentiles to identify abdominal obesity in children from North Macedonia(Firenze University Press, 2024-09-04); ; ; ; Abdominal obesity (AO) has been associated with children’s risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. For this reason, this study aimed to provide gender-specific cut-off percentiles of anthropometric indices WC and WHR to identify AO in children aged 9 from North Macedonia. In this study, a total of 320 children aged 9 (160 boys and 160 girls) were investigated. We selected four parameters to measure (weight and height) and two circumferences (waist and hip) using a standard protocol. The following indices are taken into consideration Body-Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR). The percentile distribution of the tested parameters was done by gender. General obesity based on the BMI cut-off occurs at 5.63% in boys and 6.88 % in girls. Abdominal obesity across cut-off points WHR and WC-for age>=90th percentile occur at 11.88% and 6.26% in boys and 12.5 and 11.25% in girls respectively. Both the WHR and WC identify more children with abdominal obesity, but we note that more girls were classified as obese than boys. However, the anthropometric indices of WC and WHR, complement nutritional evaluation and are of great importance for the early detection of AO in our 9-year-old children. These findings support the need to use WC and WHR as strong predictors for AO in routine clinical practice. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, INFLUENCE OF BMI ON RESISTIN IN GDM AND NORMOGLYCEMIC WOMEN(SHMSHM - AAMD, 2020-01-25); ; ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, VITAMIN D AND BODY MASS INDEX IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS(Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University in Skopje, R.N.Macedonia, 2021); ; ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Interleukin 6 in pregnancy with gdm(2019-09-14); ; ; ; Abstract Background: Gestational diabetes melitus is a glucose intolerance diagnosed for the first time in pregnancy which may lead to maternal, fetal and neonatal unfavourable outcome. In GDM inflammatory markers like interleukin 6 are elevated and may provide informations on pathophysiology and prediction of perinatal risk. Aim: to evaluate the average concentration of interleukin 6 in GDM and normoglycemic women and the influence of body mass index on concentration of IL-6 in these women. Material and Methods: A case control study was made at the University Clinic for obstetrics and gynecology, Skopje in a period of one year. 100 pregnant women were selected from the pregnant women that performed 75g OGTT in the second trimester for sreening for GDM. Body mass index was calculated according to the terms of Institute of medicine and pregnant women were divided in 4 groups: GDM, BMI>25 (n=25); GDM, BMI<25(n=25); normoglycemic, BMI>25(n=25); normoglycemic BMI<25(n=25). Serum levels of IL-6 were analysed with ELISA method. Results: The medium values of IL-6 were higher in GDM compared to controls (2.77 ± 1.1 pg/ml vs 2.16 ± 0.5 pg/ml, p=0.0016). Pregnant women with GDM and BMI>25 vs GDM and BMI < 25 had statistically different values of IL-6 (2.58 ± 1.1 vs 2.19 ± 0.5 pg/ml, p=0.0019). Overweight women with GDM had significantly higher interleukin 6 than overweight women without GDM (3.06 ± 1.4 pg/ml vs 2.28 ± 0.7 pg/ml, p=0.021). Average value of IL-6 in GDM women with normal weight was 2.48 ± 0.8 pg/ml and significantly higher than normoglycemic women with normal weight, 2.04 ± 0.1 pg/ml, p=0.016. IL- 6 had insignificantly higher values in the overweight women from the control group compared to normal weight women from the control group (2.28 ± 0.7 pg/ml vs 2.04 ± 0.1 pg/ml; p=0.11). Conclusion: IL-6 is significantly higher in GDM compared to normoglycemic women. It can be used in addition with other biomarkers in eventual prediction of this condition. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND WAIST-TO-HIP RATIO PERCENTILES TO IDENTIFY ABDOMINAL OBESITY IN CHILDREN AGED 9 FROM THE REPUBLIC NORTH OF MACEDONIA(Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2022); - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES FOR ESTIMATING OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN FROM NORTH MACEDONIA(Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2021); ; ; Anthropometrics are a set of non-invasive, quantitative body measurements used to assess growth, development and health parameters. Waist circumference (WC) and waist -to-hip ratio (WHR) are the measurements most commonly used to estimate abdominal obesity while BMI used to determine general obesity. Our goal in this study was to find cut-off points of selected anthropometric indices for estimating overweight and obesity in school-aged children aged 6 to 8 years from North Macedonia. In this study, a total of 603 children (300 boys and 303 girls) were investigated. Anthropometric indicators were measured using a standard protocol. We selected four parameters to measure (weight, height,) and two circumferences (waist WC and hip HC). The following indices were taken into consideration: Body mass index (BMI), WC and waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR). Percentile distribution of the tested variables was done by age and sex. Some of anthropometric parameters have shown significant age- and sex-specific differences in favour of boys, with exception of WHR. The prevalence of overweight and obesity across BMI cut-off points was 16% in boys and 15, 1% in girls. Girls had the prevalence of abdominal obesity of 12 % WC and WHR 13,2%. Both cut-off points for the boys were 11% WC and 10% WHR. However, the Macedonian cut-off points for WC and WHR showed a slightly elevated prevalence of abdominal obesity among girls. These results and determination of BMI, WC, WHR cut-off values can be used for estimating overweight and obesity and consequences associated with it in school-aged children aged 6 to 8 years from North Macedonia. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ASSOCIATION OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL, BODY WEIGHT AND BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION WITH SELECTED SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AT FIRST REGULAR STRUCTURED VISIT(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian Medical Association, 2019); ; ; Bekim IsmailiIntroduction. Maintaining optimal glycemic control and weight management is crucial for successful diabetes management. Deeper understanding of possible influen cing factors is inevitable. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between glycemic control, body weight and body fat distribution with selected socio-demographic factors in type 2 diabetes patients at first regular structured visit. Methods. This is a cross-sectional clinical study perfor med in the period 2016-2017 at a primary health care level in the Republic of North Macedonia. Data on socio demographic parameters (age, gender, place of residence, ethnicity), diabetes duration, anthropometric indices (BMI, waist circumference) and HbA1c measurement were collected from 338 type 2 diabetes patients. Results. With respect to HbA1c value, it was found that older age, urban residence and Macedonian ethnicity we re significantly associated with lower HbA1c (R=-0.1449; p=0.0002 and p=0.0042, respectively), whereas longer diabetes duration was significantly associated with higher HbA1c values (R=0.1448). Higher BMI was found in female subjects (p=0.0213), whereas older age and Albanian ethnicity were significantly associated with lower BMI (R=-0.1734 and p=0.0001, respectively). Female gender and Albanian ethnicity were associated with central obesity as per North American cut-off values (p=0.0001 and p=0.0026, respectively). Lower waist circumference values were found in Macedo nians (p=0.0001). Conclusion. According to the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that certain socio-demo graphic factors can play a role in the management of glycaemia and weight in type 2 diabetes patients in North Macedonia. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN PATIENTS WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2016); Overweight and obesity is more common in the population, and represents a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of the study was to obtain data on the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea in Macedonia since there are no official statistics related to this issue and to examine its association with overweight and obesity. The study included 200 patients with minimum positive 2 of 3 OSA symptoms that included snoring, witnessed apnea and daytime sleepiness. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and patients were divided into groups according to BMI. After that all patients underwent polisomnography (PSG). After PSG all patients were divided into groups according to severity of OSA based on respiratory disturbance index (RDI). All patients with RDI over 5 were diagnosed with OSA. According to BMI, 21 patients were with normal weight, 99 patients were overweight and 80 patients were obese. According to severity of OSA, 17 were with mild OSA with RDI between 5-15, 44 with moderate OSA with RDI between 15-30, and 80 patients were with severe OSA with RDI>30. Comparing the groups we came to the conclusion that with the increase of BMI, RDI was increasing too. Appearance of severe OSA showed a clinically significant difference in obese patients compared to normal and overweight patients. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the severity of OSA in overweight patients. OSA was rarely seen in patients with normal weight. Gaining weight increases the risk of OSA. BMI is perhaps simple but important predictor of OSA development, especially the severe form. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, MATERNAL OBESITY AS A PREDICTOR OF UNFAVORABLE PREGNANCY OUTCOME(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonia Medical Association, 2017); ; ; ; Introduction: Obesity is a growing concern worldwide. Maternal obesity has significant health implications, contributing to increased morbidity for mother and baby. Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity in adults. Aim. The aim of the study was to show a correlation between BMI, delivery mode, hypertension, and prematurity. Methods. The study was done at the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics. It was a case-control observational prospective study, in which 63 pregnant women were evaluated. According to BMI pregnant women were divided into 3 groups: normal, overweight, and obese. Women were recruited in the 28th gestational weeks and were followed until they delivered. Of interest were: hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, delivery mode, prematurity, Apgar score, and newborns weight. Results. We found that increased BMI has a strong association with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, prematurity as well as with an increased Cesarean section. We found that more than 76% of obese patients (BMI>30 kg/m2 ) were delivered with a cesarean section, median gestational age at delivery was 35.0 gestational weeks and hypertension in pregnancy was seen in 71% of these patients. Conclusion. Maternal BMI shows strong associations with pregnancy complications and outcomes. Preventive strategies have to be introduced to reduce obesity and improve perinatal outcomes for both mother and baby. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Maternal post-natal tobacco use and current parental tobacco use is associated with higher body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2015-12-24)