Faculty of Medicine

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    Item type:Publication,
    DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY FOLLOWING EARLY PREGNANCY LOSS – OCCURRENCE AND RISK FACTORS
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2023)
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    Ilkoski, Ana
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    Biljan, Aleksandra
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    Drogrishki, Marta
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    Simonovska, Biljana
    Early pregnancy loss is associated with various psychological symptoms shortly after the miscarriage which, in some patients, can persist a longer period of time. The main goal of our study is to establish the occurrence-rate and risk factors for development of these symptoms. Patients with early pregnancy lose, who came in hospital were enrolled in the study. The HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) was used to measure symptoms of depression and/or anxiety of these patients. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Out of total 70 patients, 60% reported symptoms of depression and/or anxiety at some point during the study. Half of them, i.e. 54.2% display the symptoms on the day of admission to the hospital, while 9.5% of the patients demonstrated onset of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety one month after the incident. The symptoms persisted at least one month following the miscarriage, in 64.3% of the patients. Regarding the studied variables (nationality, level of education, employment and marital status as well as number of previous pregnancy loss and the number of children), none of them shows statistically significant difference for developing symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. 60% of women display symptoms of anxiety or/and depression following early pregnancy loss, majority of them immediate after the incident, so every hospital should be well-staffed by professionals and able to provide an adequate care and psychological support for these patients. The study failed to reveal any risk factor (among selected) significantly associated with development of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Hence, every woman with such diagnosis can potentially develop psychological stress, and should be monitored carefully.
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    Correlation between methadone dosage, cortisol plasma level and depression in methadone maintained patients
    (AU-CNS, 2015-12)
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    Background. Opioids can affect neuroendocrine functions, with the consequence that various endocrine abnormalities, including the increased level of cortisol that can result from depression, may be acceptable in patients who use opioids. Aim of this study is to examine the correlation between methadone dosage, cortisol plasma level and depression in methadone-maintained patients. Methods. This is an analytical, cross-sectional study that included 45 patients, who were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 10 patients (4 females and 6 males), whose doses ranged between 10 and 55 mg. The second group consisted of 35 patients (5 females and 30 males), whose doses ranged between 65 and 120 mg. To discover demographic characteristics we used medical records, to determine cortisol plasma level we relied on the Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method, and to determine depression we made use of the Beck depression inventory (BDI). The results were statistically analysed using a combination of descriptive methods – the t-test for independent samples, the χ² test, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Pearson coefficient of linear correlation. Results. Theresults obtained show statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of their BDI scores, with higher scores indicating patients who were taking higher doses. There is a statistically significant correlation between cortisol plasma level and depression, but not between methadone maintenance dose and cortisol plasma level, even if a high proportion of patients in the group taking higher doses showed a higher cortisol plasma level. Conclusions. In methadonemaintained patients the methadone dose is not statistically correlated with cortisol plasma level, but some other factors in the group taking higher methadone doses tend to determine higher BDI scores.