Faculty of Medicine

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    DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY FOLLOWING EARLY PREGNANCY LOSS – OCCURRENCE AND RISK FACTORS
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2023)
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    Ilkoski, Ana
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    Biljan, Aleksandra
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    Drogrishki, Marta
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    Simonovska, Biljana
    Early pregnancy loss is associated with various psychological symptoms shortly after the miscarriage which, in some patients, can persist a longer period of time. The main goal of our study is to establish the occurrence-rate and risk factors for development of these symptoms. Patients with early pregnancy lose, who came in hospital were enrolled in the study. The HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) was used to measure symptoms of depression and/or anxiety of these patients. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Out of total 70 patients, 60% reported symptoms of depression and/or anxiety at some point during the study. Half of them, i.e. 54.2% display the symptoms on the day of admission to the hospital, while 9.5% of the patients demonstrated onset of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety one month after the incident. The symptoms persisted at least one month following the miscarriage, in 64.3% of the patients. Regarding the studied variables (nationality, level of education, employment and marital status as well as number of previous pregnancy loss and the number of children), none of them shows statistically significant difference for developing symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. 60% of women display symptoms of anxiety or/and depression following early pregnancy loss, majority of them immediate after the incident, so every hospital should be well-staffed by professionals and able to provide an adequate care and psychological support for these patients. The study failed to reveal any risk factor (among selected) significantly associated with development of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Hence, every woman with such diagnosis can potentially develop psychological stress, and should be monitored carefully.
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    Anxiety in acute myocardial infarction survivors
    (SHMSHM / AAMD, 2020)
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    Sevime Sallahi Pasholli
    Introduction :Data obtained in some studies indicate that somatic disorders, in a certain percentage, are associated with a mental health problems, whether in a form of two co-existent diseases, whether psychological problems are only associated symptoms and/or response to somatic disease. Anxiety is psychological symptoms frequently encountered in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarct (AMI). The AIM of our study was to determine the percentage of anxiety in two investigated groups of patients with myocardial infarction and to determinate the correlation between socio-demographic characteristic and level of anxiety in survivors of AMI. Material and methods: The study was designed as observation cross-section including 80 patients treated at the university Clinic of Cardiology Skopje , observed as 2 groups : group 1 was presented with patients during hospitalization for AMI, and 2 group were patients survivors after 6 months of the acute coronary event. Anxiety status was assessed using HAMA scale. Results : The two groups of patients did not show significant difference according distribution of gender , smoking , physical activity, stress , age, mean HAMA , BMI , age of education and marital status . In the first group 21 (51,2%) of patients have anxiety symptoms while in second group 25 (64,1%). In our study acute MI was more prevalent in a men but women had a higher risk of anxiety disorders 27,3% v.s (22,7%). In examination groups the anxiety (HAMA score) was positive correlate with socio-demographic and clinical parameters where only we got negative correlate between anxiety with marital status and BMI in the first group and negative correlation with married status, smoking status, physical activity, stress and BMI in the second group . .Conclusion: The results in our study showed indicative representation of anxiety in patients survivors of AMI. So screening for anxiety in all AMI patients is also important because this patients should be treated differently than those who are not anxiety.
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    TRAUMA AND ANXIETY DISORDERS THROUGHOUT LIFESPAN: FEAR AND ANXIETY FROM NORMALITY TO DISORDER
    (Medicinska naklada, 2018)
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    Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders. Anxiety disorders and neurotic fear cause significant disruption of the psychosocial functioning of the individual. In generalized anxiety disorder, neurotic fear appears in the form of fears, expectations, tension, with nothing specifically uncomprehendingly crying anticipation, worry, poor concentration, psychic and physical fatigue, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, sense of near accident etc. Traumatic events in the life of the individual are often referred to as potential relevant factors in the occurrence of psychological disorders. Exposure to long-lasting traumatic experiences in childhood leads to the prolongation and fixation of the emotional state of fear and sadness and the emphasized use of certain defense mechanisms that contribute to the structuring of specific clinical images of anxiety states
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    Attachment style, self-esteem and manifest anxiety in patients undergoing treatment for opiate addiction
    (AU-CNS, 2016-02)
    Dimitar Bonevski
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    Background: Insecure attachment is usually connected with lower self-esteem or with higher manifest anxiety, and can be a risk factor in those facing a variety of emotional problems, including problems associated with substance abuse. Aim of the present study is to examine the most frequent attachment style, and the level of manifest anxiety and self-esteem in patients undergoing treatment for opiate addiction compared with individuals who have no form of addiction. Methods: The sample included 47 (61%) male and 30 (39%) female, opiate addicts; they were at least 18 years old, with a mean age of 22.82 years (min. 18; max. 27; SD = 2.25 yr) and 77 mentally healthy controls, who were examined with the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI), Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Comparison between the two groups focused on the percentages recorded for the various attachment styles found in each group, and the Chi-Square test was used to assess the significance of the divergences between those attachment styles in the two groups. The mean values recorded for self-esteem and manifest anxiety in the two groups were compared too, by applying the t-test. Results: The results indicate a more secure attachment style in the healthy individuals and a more fearful form of attachment in opiate-addicted individuals. The result of the present study indicated that opiate addicts are less confident and more anxious. Conclusion: Fearful attachment, low self-esteem and high manifest anxiety proved to be more frequent in opiate addicts.