Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, NGAL and HPV Subtypes in Cervical Carcinoma: Implications for Cancer Progression and Treatment Response(MDPI AG, 2026-02-23); ; Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer is a prominent source of morbidity and mortality among women, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a glycoprotein involved in cancer-related activities, has been proposed as a biomarker; however, its involvement in cervical cancer remains unknown. The study aim is to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum NGAL levels in cervical cancer patients in relation to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, operability, and HPV subtype distribution before and after treatment. Methods: The study involved 130 women, 100 with histologically proven cervical cancer and 30 healthy controls. The serum NGAL levels were determined before and after treatment using an ELISA test. HPV genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR on 21 high- and low-risk subtypes. Results: NGAL levels increased marginally during therapy (from 134 to 144 ng/mL; p = 0.28), but the rise was significant in inoperable patients (p = 0.02) and increased with advanced FIGO stage, although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). HPV 16 was the most common subtype (26.0%), while women aged 51–60 had the highest overall HPV positive rate (72.7%). There was no significant association between NGAL levels and HPV subtypes (p = 0.17). Conclusion: NGAL does not appear to be an accurate short-term indicator of therapy response. However, increased levels in advanced-stage and inoperable instances indicate prognostic significance. NGAL most likely represents tumor-associated inflammation rather than HPV subtype. These findings support its possible inclusion in future biomarker panels, subject to validation in bigger investigations. Persistent HPV infection in midlife women highlights the significance of ongoing screening.</jats:p> - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERSISTENT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND STRESS AT THE WORKPLACE(Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2025-04); ; ; Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. While most genital HPV infections regress spontaneously, some persist and can progress to cervical cancer. The biological susceptibility to acquire HPV and the immunological capacity to eliminate the infection are influenced by various factors, including occupational roles, work-related stress, and burnout syndrome. Materials and methods: In our study, relevant data were collected from 71 patients, 38 of whom had documented persistent HPV infections, while 33 patients were included in the study as a control group. Among those with persistent HPV infections, HPV 16 was the most common type, followed by HPV 31 and HPV 52. Results: Job demands were assessed using the Job Demands Questionnaire. The burnout syndrome was evaluated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Job resources were investigated using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire and the English version of the Questionnaire sur les Ressources et Contraintes Professionnelles. Conclusion: Preliminary data analysis revealed significantly higher levels of stress factors in the group of patients with persistent HPV infections compared to the control group. The insights gained from assessing the impact of workplace stress on HPV infection progression will help formulate recommendations to promote the health of the working population. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, CORRELATION BETWEEN HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND CYTOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND HPV STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH HSIL - RETROSPECTIVE STUDY(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association/De Gruyter, 2025-01-01); ; ; Mircevska, MegiIntroduction. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer are most commonly caused by human papillomavirus, which causes malig¬nant transformation of cervical epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between different HPV types and histological changes of the cervix in patients in our hospital. Methods. In the period from January 2022 to Decem¬ber 2023, an analysis of 100 samples was made with histological findings confirmed by biopsy from the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Skopje. The relationship between HRHPV and high-grade CIN and CIS, as well as the age-dependent prevalence of single HPV infection, were examined. Results. In both CIN2, CIN3 and CIS group, HPV16, 18, 31, 33 and 58 were detected as the top 5 high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types. HPV16 was the predominant genotype in CIN2, CIN3 and CIS, with 44.23%, 60.53% and 90% respectively. The prevalence of HPV16 was most common in all age groups. The peak incidence of CIN2 was observed from 31-40 and 41-50 years (28.85%), and CIN3 from 21-30 (28.95) and 51-60 years (23.68), and CIS from 31-40 (40%) and 41-50 years of age (30%). Conclusion. If circumstances permit, women between the ages of 21 and 60 are advised to undergo norma¬tive screening for high-grade CIN. Patients who test positive for HPV16 should be prioritised for opportu¬nistic screening. Patients infected with other forms of HPV should also be treated seriously if they are ladies 61 years of age or older. The most prevalent genotypes in our patients were HPV16, 18, 31, 33 and 58. Therefore, a vaccine including these dominant genotypes may be crucial for preventing cervical cancer.