Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, Beyond Sodium: Inflammation as the Strongest Predictor of Mortality Among Non-Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients(Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2026-06-01); : Standard dialysate sodium concentration (sDNa) may not adequately reflect individual sodium requirements in each hemodialysis patient, potentially contributing to interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), hypertension and inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and biochemical outcomes between individualized and standard dialysate sodium prescriptions and to assess factors associated with mortality. : This was a prospective interventional study conducted in two phases. In the first phase, patients were treated with standard hemodialysis (HD) using a fixed dialysate sodium concentration of 138 mmol/L. In the second phase, dialysate sodium was individualized based on each patient's pre-dialysis serum sodium concentration. Each patient served as their own control. Outcomes included IDWG, blood pressure, thirst score, dialysis adequacy (Kt/V, URR), nutritional markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), electrolytes, and mortality. : Individualized dialysate sodium prescription was associated with a significant reduction in IDWG (1.93 ± 0.64 vs 2.17 ± 0.79 kg; p = 0.001) and improved dialysis adequacy (Kt/V: 1.50 ± 0.24 vs 1.36 ± 0.22; p < 0.001). Survivors had higher serum albumin levels and lower CRP values compared to non-survivors. Serum and dialysate sodium concentrations were not independently associated with mortality. In logistic regression analysis, CRP >10 mg/L showed the strongest observed association with mortality (OR 10.278; 95% CI 1.709-61.826; p = 0.011). : Individualized dialysate sodium prescription may improve fluid control and dialysis adequacy in selected patients. Inflammation was significantly associated with mortality in this cohort; however, results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of events. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, NGAL and HPV Subtypes in Cervical Carcinoma: Implications for Cancer Progression and Treatment Response(MDPI AG, 2026-02-23); ; Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer is a prominent source of morbidity and mortality among women, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a glycoprotein involved in cancer-related activities, has been proposed as a biomarker; however, its involvement in cervical cancer remains unknown. The study aim is to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum NGAL levels in cervical cancer patients in relation to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, operability, and HPV subtype distribution before and after treatment. Methods: The study involved 130 women, 100 with histologically proven cervical cancer and 30 healthy controls. The serum NGAL levels were determined before and after treatment using an ELISA test. HPV genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR on 21 high- and low-risk subtypes. Results: NGAL levels increased marginally during therapy (from 134 to 144 ng/mL; p = 0.28), but the rise was significant in inoperable patients (p = 0.02) and increased with advanced FIGO stage, although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). HPV 16 was the most common subtype (26.0%), while women aged 51–60 had the highest overall HPV positive rate (72.7%). There was no significant association between NGAL levels and HPV subtypes (p = 0.17). Conclusion: NGAL does not appear to be an accurate short-term indicator of therapy response. However, increased levels in advanced-stage and inoperable instances indicate prognostic significance. NGAL most likely represents tumor-associated inflammation rather than HPV subtype. These findings support its possible inclusion in future biomarker panels, subject to validation in bigger investigations. Persistent HPV infection in midlife women highlights the significance of ongoing screening.</jats:p> - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Linking inflammation and cardiovascular disease: the emerging role of lipoprotein-associated phosphoplipase A2(Ltd Chetverta Кhvylia, 2025-12); Over the past decades, inflammation has been recognized as a key contributor to the development of atherosclerosis, prompting extensive research. Numerous inflammatory markers have demonstrated predictive value for both initial and recurrent coronary events in individuals with or without established coronary vascular disease (CVD). Among these, lipo protein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp PLA2) has garnered significant attention. Lp PLA2 may be involved in the athero sclerotic process and contribute to plaque destabilization through its inflammatory activity within atherosclerotic lesions. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp PLA2), a recently identified cardiovascular specific inflammatory mediator, is closely associated with the onset and progression of cardiovascular events. This review explores the potential of Lp PLA2 as both a risk marker and a therapeutic target in CVD. Elevated levels of Lp PLA2 mass and activity have been linked to an increased risk of CVD in both the general population and patients with pre existing disease. However, it remains uncer tain whether incorporating Lp PLA2 measurements into risk prediction models significantly enhances risk stratification beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, the failure of darapladib, a potent and selective Lp PLA2 inhibitor, to reduce CVD events in major randomized, placebo controlled trials suggests the importance of ongoing research to fully understand its functions and develop effective strategies for CVD prevention and treatment. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, BIOMARKERS IN OBESITY-RELATED METABOLIC SYNDROME: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO CLINICAL APPLICATION(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2025-11-25) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Transforming Diabetes Care: The Molecular Pathways through Which GLP1-RAs Impact the Kidneys in Diabetic Kidney Disease(MDPI AG, 2024-03-14) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Plasma levels of C-reactive protein and Interleukin-6 as markers of inflammation in patients with operative treated fractures(Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2024-11); Conditions that affect plasma concentrations of acute-phase proteins include infections, trauma, surgical treatment, burns, tissue ischemia (infarctions), various immunological inflammatory conditions and cancer. The cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the main stimulator for the production of numerous acute-phase proteins. It has been established that the induction of C-reactive protein (CRP) and production of serum amyloid A is caused by the cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 or TNF-alpha. Elevated levels of IL-6 during acute injuries or stress are often used as an indicator of systemic inflammation and are predictors of preoperative morbidity. We undertook this prospective randomized study in 90 patients undergoing surgery procedure after high-energy trauma, low-energy trauma and open fracture to define plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP over a 2-week period. We presented our results at seven time points, namely 6 hours pre-operatively and post-operatively in 2, 4, 5, 7 and 14 days respectively. We have attempted to find out whether IL-6 and CRP levels returned to baseline during this study period. In our study, we determined the influence of the examined parameters CRP and IL-6 in plasma on the early detection of surgical postoperative inflammation in operatively treated fractures. With the obtained results of our examined parameters, we can state that is provided a place for the routine procedure of CRP and IL-6 as predictors of possible postoperative inflammation. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Correlation of serum levels of inflammatory cytokines with severe form of cholecystitis(Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2022); - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: a consensus paper from the ESC Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & Microcirculation, ESC Working Group on Thrombosis and the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2021-09-16)