Faculty of Medicine

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SOCIAL DIMENSION OF SMOKING WITHIN YOUNG POPULATION
(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian Medical Association, 2017-06-01)
;
I. Brchina
;
G. Pejchinovski
;
P. Malinska
;
Sh. Musa
Introduction According to the Strategy for Tobacco Control in order to provide and improve health protection of the population of the Republic of Macedonia, and a number of international documents, basic strategic directions are that the health is the most important investment in the social and economic development of the community, and epidemic of smoking presents an increasing threat to people’s health. It is considered that there are 1.3 billion smokers worldwide, and current projections of the WHO show that this number will rise to 1.7 billion smokers by 2025, if the global prevention of tobacco use remains unchanged. Objectives The goal of this research is to determine the knowledge and views of the young people in the Republic of Macedonia concerning the use of tobacco, its influence on the social environment as a certain socio-pathological phenomenon or risk factor for certain diseases of the people. Materials and Methods The survey was conducted in the following municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia: Centar, Karpos, Gazi Baba, Kisela Voda, Cair, Aerodrom, Gorce Petrov and Butel in the city of Skopje, then municipalities Prilep, Kumanovo, Struga and Gostivar. Random sample. Target groups: young people at the age from 15 to 22. Research tools: a survey questionnaire no. 1. Subjects from sample were divided into 2 groups: subjects who smoked and those who did not smoke. Following statistical tests were applied: Pearson Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, Spearmanov Rank Correlations, Pearson-ov koeficient na korelacija. Results Boys smoke significantly more than girls (X2= 13.3 df=1 p<0.0003). Among students smokers are significantly dominant (56.71%). Ethnic background of the young smokers/non-smokers corresponds with the population structure. Young people try their first cigarette at the age of 14-16 (r = .12744). Young people smoke everywhere (Dmax = 0.11 p>0.05). Young people smoke every day (86.59%). Young people usually smoke 5-10 cigarettes a day and they buy them at the news-stands. Young people in the R.M. rarely do sports (only 34.15%). Young people at the age of 15-20 usually smoke while they listen to music, while young people at the age of 21-22 usually smoke while they watch TV. More than half of the subjects think that the community they live in is a good place for living. Reasons for smoking are: habit, family problems, love problems, school, peer pressure, etc. There are no significant differences with regard to this question in municipalities. Conclusion In general, young people in Macedonia think that their peers who smoke are not well accepted by the community. Young people in Republic of Macedonia are well informed on smoking as a social-pathological phenomenon, and also that smoking is a risk factor for certain diseases.
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Prevention of Health through implementation of HACCP control System
(2017-05-06)
;
Sh.Musa
;
P. Malinska
;
V. Dobrosavljevikj
;
M. Gjetaj Jakovski
Introduction: Diseases caused by unsafe food represent an important problem in public health, which is present even in the most developed countries. The diseases related to food and water, followed by diarrhea cause about 2 million deaths annually. It is estimated that 3% of food-related illnesses lead to long-term health consequences. Goal:The main objective of this paper is to identify the knowledge and attitudes of managers and food operators for foodborne diseases that are consequence from (not)implementation of the HACCP system in the companies. Materials and methods:A survey was conducted with a questionnaire. The area of the survey included seven municipalities where food facilities are most present in comparison other municipalities in the region of Skopje. The survey was conducted in year 2016. Target groups were managers and food operators. The survey was conducted in 36 food facilities. Results: The average age of the respondents who have completed training on basic knowledge of food safety was 34.8 ± 8.7 years. The age structure of managers and food operators significantly differed in terms of knowledge about diseases transmitted through food. Z = 2.1 p = 0.036. Managers and food operatorsin companies expressed positive opinions about the implementation of HACCP control system in their company. Fisher exact p = 0.3. There is a significant correlation of how internal control for food safety is implemented and the implementation of the personal hygiene control of staff. X2=33.4df=2 p<0.0001. Conclusions:According to our survey which was conducted with a random samplein Skopje municipalities, 197 respondents stated that in Macedoniafood safety is a topic of significant importance and that European regulations on food safety are implemented, together with introducing legislation and regulations as well asthe implementation of laws.
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Economic effects in companies as a result of proper management of HACCP control system related to food security
(2017-05-06)
;
Sh.Musa
;
P. Malinska
;
V. Dobrosavljevikj
;
Lj. Kostadinovski
Introduction: The application of HACCP control system plays a very important role in the food safety. It prevents food poisoning among the population through general principles of food hygiene, good agricultural practices, good hygiene practices and good manufacturing practice. Goal:The main objective of this paper is to identify the knowledge and attitudes of managers and food operators for financial effects in companies that are the result of (non)implementation of the HACCP system in companies related to safety food. Materials and methods:As a material for the survey are used questionnairesof 197 respondents in 36 food premises in the city of Skopje. A statistical analytical method using parametric non-parametric tests for statistical significance p ≤ 0.05. Results: The statistical analysis has confirmed the significant difference, Pearson Chi-square test (X2 = 7.7 df =1 p =0.0055) in the distribution of respondents who believe that the company has financial benefit by implementing the HACCP system and those who believe that the company has financial losses, depending on how they are implemented written / verbal procedures for implementing the HACCP system. The correlation of internal control for food safety with control of personal hygiene has economic effects in the companies, which is due to the implementation of standards for food safety (p = 0.00006). The knowledge and experience of managers for HACCP control system significantly affects the company’seconomic benefit. Conclusions:In the municipalities in the Skopje region, we have received positive response from the respondentsthat food safetyis a topic of significance in Macedonia and that there is an economic benefit from food safety by complying with the legislation on food safety. The managers believe much more than food operators that the implementation of the HACCP system brings financial benefit for the company.
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Statistical review of breast carcinoma in Skopje for the period 2006-2011
(2017-05-06)
Sh. Musa
;
V. Dobrosavljevikj
;
P. Simjanoski
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;
M. Gjetaj Jakovski
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Water supply quality and health safety of drinking water on microbiological parameters
(2017-05-06)
Sh. Musa
;
V. Dobrosavljevikj
;
P. Simjanoski
;
;
M. Gjetaj Jakovski

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