Faculty of Medicine

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Author: search.filters.author.Mladenovska, IvanaLanguage: search.filters.language.English (United States)

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    LONGTERM DEFICIENT CALCIUM INTAKE ASSOCIATION WITH BONE TURNOVER MARKERS, HIP AND SPINE BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
    (2019)
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    Zivkovic, Marija
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    Introduction: Calcium (Ca) deficit is very important risk factor for osteoporosis development and bone turnover markers disturbance. Objective: The influence of long-term Ca deficit on bone turnover, bone loss and osteoporotic risk was determined. Material and methods: Postmenopausal women (n=120) were divided into 3 groups according to their mean Ca intake: 1st gr. with Ca intake <500mg/day, 2nd gr. 500-1000mg/day and 3rd gr. >1000mg/day. Bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) was determined as well as spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score with dual-energy Xray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: CTX levels were 0.58±0.23ng/ml in the 1st gr, 0.48±0.22ng/ml in the 2nd gr. and 0.38±0.22ng/ml in the 3rd gr., and they were significantly different among the groups (p<0.007). Mean hip neck BMD was 0.76±0.08gr/cm2 in the 1st gr, 0.82±0.09gr/cm2 in the 2nd gr, 0.86±0.12 gr/cm2 in the 3rd gr (p<0.022). Mean neck T-score was -1.67±0.81 in the 1st gr, -1.39±0.84 in the 2nd gr and -0.98±1.12 in the 3rd gr (p<0.023). Mean % of hip BMD reduction in the 1st gr was 27.5±11.33%, in the 2nd gr 19.56±10.62% and in the 3rd gr it was 16.5±11.2% (p<0.005). Mean spine BMD in the 1st gr was 0.89±0.14gr/cm2 , in the 2nd gr 0.93±0.15gr/cm2 and in the 3rd gr 1.02±0.1gr/cm2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term lower Ca intake induces increased bone turnover, increased bone resorption with significantly higher CTX levels, significant hip and spine BMD and T-score lower values, indicating increased bone loss and increased osteoporotic risk. Bone turnover markers are important in determining of the osteoporotic risk in postmenopausal women with deficient Ca intake.
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    ANTHROPOMETRIC INDEXES OF VISCERAL OBESITY RELATIONS TO DYSLIPIDEMIC PROFILE IN METABOLIC SYNDROME
    (2019)
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    Zivkovic, Marija
    Introduction: Visceral obesity and dyslipidemia are the main characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Objective: The relationship of abdominal sagittal diameter to thigh circumference ratio (SD/T) with anthropometric indexes of visceral obesity waist circumference (WC) and waist hip ratio (WHR) was determined as well as their association with lipid levels. Material and methods: Triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (C), HDL and LDL levels, LDL/HDL, C/HDL as well as WC, WHR and SD/T were determined in 250 healthy women divided into 3 groups according to body fat distribution by their WHR values: 1stgr WHR<0.85; 2ndgr WHR (0.85-1.0) and 3rdgr WHR>1.0. Results: SD/T correlated significantly positively with TG and C (p<0.0001), LDL (p<0.006), LDL/HDL and C/HDL (p<0.0001), also with WC and WHR (p<0.0001), and negatively with HDL (p<0.001). WC and SD/T levels were significantly higher in the 3rd gr (125.16±15.26cm; 0.49±0.38) compared to the 2nd gr (109±14cm; 0.39±0.43) and the 1stgr (88±17cm; 0.32±0.37)(p<0.0001). TG levels in the 3rd gr (1.87±0.69ng/ml) were significantly higher compared to the 1st gr (1.03±0.42ng/ml) and the 2ndgr (1.69±0.92ng/ml) (p<0.0001). HDL in the 3 rd gr was (0.95±0.23ng/ml), significantly lower compared to the 1stgr. (1.24±0.27ng/ml) (p<0.001) and 2n dgr (1.07±0.39ng/ml) (p<0.028). LDL, C/HDL, LDL/HDL and C levels were also significantly higher in the 3rdgr. Conclusion: Visceral obesity was characterized with increased values of WHR, WC and SD/T, which were positively related to dyslipidemic profile. Positive relation of SD/T with atherogenic lipids, atherogenic indexes, WHR and WC, and negative relation with HDL, confirmed it as an important anthropometric diagnostic parameter of visceral obesity in metabolic syndrome.
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