Faculty of Medicine

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    Rituximab in treatment of a patient with granulomatosis with polyangitis - a case report
    (Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2023-01)
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    Guchev, Filip
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    Antova, Dubravka
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    Karadzova Stojanovska, Anzhelika
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    Vidinikj, Sonja
    ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a necrotizing vasculitis with few or no immune deposits that can affect predominantly small vessels. It can affect vessels in every organ and tissue of the body; the clinical manifestations of the disease are extremely variable. B-cells are of major importance in the disease pathogenesis as precursors of ANCA-producing plasma cells and, possibly, also as antigen-presenting and cytokineproducing cells. Therefore, rituximab, a monoclonal antibody drug causing partial B-cell depletion, has emerged as a powerful option in the treatment of AAV such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis. We present the case of a 25-year-old female diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and treated with rituximab and high-dose corticosteroids.
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    Severe Complicated secondary antiphospholipid syndrome conjointly with lupus erythematosus -case report
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts/Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025-01)
    Vidinikj, Sonja
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    Antova, Dubravka
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    Guchev, Filip
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    Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), is an autoimmune systemic disorder known to manifest with thrombosis in almost all vessels throughout the body, can also be accompanied by pregnancy morbidity, and is persistent with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, including lupus anticoagulant antibodies, or relatively high titers of anticardiolipin, or anti-β2Glycoprotein I antibodies. APS can occur alone or in association with other diseases, more commonly systemic lupus erythematous. In patients with both underlying diseases episodes of arthritis, skin changes in the form of livedo reticularis, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were more common. Cardiac manifestations have also been reported. Here we present a complicated case of a young female patient with antiphospholipid syndrome and an underlying systemic lupus erythematosus.
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    A complicated case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts/Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025-01)
    Guchev, Filip
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    Vidinikj, Sonja
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    Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a condition often presenting with granulomatous vasculitis of both the upper and lower respiratory tracts together with glomerulonephritis. Here we present a case of a 17-year-old female patient, who presented with symptoms of pansinusitis with other symptoms gradually following. She was treated with cyclophosphamide which was later switched to rituximab and is now in remission.
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    Drug-induced vasculitis with multi-organ injury in a splenectomised patient and mycophenolate mofetil therapy – a case report
    (Институт за јавно здравје на Република Македонија = Institute of public health of Republic of Macedonia, 2025-02)
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    Bekjarovski, Niko
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    We present a case with p-ANCA positive general vasculitis and severe multi-organ injury in a splenectomised patient, which developed during ceftriaxone and metamizole administration for treatment of upper respiratory infection. Case report: A middle-aged woman with 400C fever and sore throat got a treatment with IV metamizole and ceftriaxone in a local hospital. She had a post- traumatic splenectomy 5 years ago. After metamizole, during ceftriaxone administration she felt burning in her face, developing red rush which spread over the face and darkened, later extended to her palms and feet. After visiting several clinics, she was referred finally to the University Clinic for Toxicology in Skopje. On admission, she had hypotension, hypoxemia, livid oro-pharynx, necrotic vasculitis with predominant facial distribution and unpalpable purpura on the extremities. The examinations revealed high levels of inflammatory biomarkers, anaemia, polyserositis, acute pancreatitis, hepatomegaly, acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, right eye vitreous haemorrhage and rhabdomyolysis. Microbiological investigations were negative. Immuno-serology showed positive p-ANCA. The acute renal failure and polyserositis resolved under methylprednisolone, meropenem, furosemide, low molecular weight heparin, fresh frozen plasma, and other symptomatic therapy, which decreased the inflammatory biomarkers, but DIC with thrombocytopenia persisted. A skin biopsy finding was inconclusive. After 25 days, the rheumatologist recommended mycophenolate mofetil with prednisolone peroral therapy during two years that resulted in stabilizing the vasculitis. The patient maintained stable after therapy discontinuation. Conclusions: Drug-induced vasculitis has the potential to induce a severe multi-organ injury with life-threatening complications. Mycophenolate mofetil procured a safe and successful treatment of drug-induced vasculitis. Splenectomy may be a potential risk factor for immunomodulated response to drugs and drugs interactions, especially during infections.
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    Assessment of the risk of vertebral fractures and their incidence in postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    (2025-04-10)
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    Guchev, Filip
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    Nikolovska Kotevska, M
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    Karadjova Stojanovska, Anzhelika
    Objective The incidence of vertebral fractures and their association with the activity, duration of the disease, therapeutic modality, lifestyle, and functional impairments. Material and methods This is a cross-sectional analytical study that includes 150 patients with an established diagnosis of definitive RA according to the ACR (American College of Rheumatology) criteria from 1987, treated on an outpatient and inpatient basis at the University Clinic of Rheumatology in Skopje between 2019-2021. The subjects are females aged 50-80 years, postmenopausal women with a menopause duration of ≥ 2 years. We include patients who have not previously been treated with bisphosphonate therapy. All subjects with RA were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and corticosteroids (CS). Results The prevalence of vertebral fractures (VF) in postmenopausal patients with RA is 54.6%. Among 58 patients, VF with grade 2 reduction is 31.3%, mild fracture is 18.0%, and severe fracture is 5.3%. In patients due to CS therapy, there is an increased occurrence of VF, smoking is one of the significant risk factors (p>0.05), along with the duration and activity of the disease, while increased BMI reduces the risk of developing these fractures. In patients with vertebral fractures, osteopenia is registered in 51.2%, normal findings in 28.0%, and osteoporosis in 19.3%. There is a statistically significant association between osteopenia and normal findings versus vertebral fractures (Pearson Chi-square: 4.0793, df=1, p=.043412), as well as between osteoporosis and normal findings versus vertebral fractures (Pearson Chi-square: 4.7127, df=1, p=.029940) Conclusions RA represents a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis and increases the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal patients with RA. This risk is proportional to the reduction in weight, duration, and activity of the disease.
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    THE ROLE OF MICROBIOME IN IMMUNE-MEDIATED UVEITIS -LITERATURE REVIEW
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2024)
    Pandilov, Stefan
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    Nikolovska, Biljana
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    The microbiome has important physiological functions and is an essential element in the control of the immune response in the body. Its dysbiosis is today associated with the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including non-infectious uveitis. These are immunologically mediated conditions, where disruption of autotolerance towards intraocular structures and immune mimicry are the basis of the pathophysiological mechanism. The aim of this paper is to present the current knowledge related to this complex interaction between the microbiome and intraocular homeostasis, as well as directions for possible therapeutic solutions through quantitative and qualitative modification of the microbiota. During the preparation of this literature review, a meta-analysis of data obtained from several large databases was approached: PubMed, Medline and EMBASE. Keywords such as: non-infectious uveitis, microbiome, intestinal microbiome, probiotics, immune-mediated diseases, human microbiota were used in the search. The obtained results were selected, processed and didactically arranged in order to present relevant current scientific views.
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    RITUXIMAB IN TREATMENT OF A PATIENT WITH GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS – A CASE REPORT
    (Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association/De Gruyter, 2024-12-15)
    Bojadzioska, Maja
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    Guchev, Filip
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    Antova, Dubravka
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    Karadzova-Stojanoska, Anzhelika
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    Vidinikj, Sonja
    ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a necrotizing vasculitis with few or no immune deposits that can affect predominantly small vessels. It can affect ve-ssels in every organ and tissue of the body; the clinical manifestations of the disease are extremely variable. B-cells are of major importance in the disease patho¬ge¬nesis as precursors of ANCA-producing plasma cells and, possibly, also as antigen-presenting and cytokine-producing cells. Therefore, rituximab, a monoclonal anti¬body drug causing partial B-cell depletion, has emerged as a powerful option in the treatment of AAV such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis. We present the case of a 25-year-old female diagnosed with granu-lomatosis with polyangiitis and treated with rituximab and high-dose corticosteroids.
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    ROLE OF IMMUNOMODULATORY AND BIOLOGICAL THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH BEHCET'S UVEITIS -CASES FROM CLINICAL PRACTICE
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2023-11)
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    Pandilov, Stefan
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    Guchev, Filip
    Morbus Behcet is a multisystemic, chronic disease, vasculitis, of unknown etiology. The highest incidence is in the countries of the so-called “silk roadâ€. In Macedonia, the frequency of this disease is currently unknown, but it is often under-diagnosed and unrecognized. In addition to the others, one of the main manifestations is ocular, which is presented by involvement of any of the structures of the uveal tract, the retina and the optic nerve. The diagnosis is established on the basis of clinical parameters, complemented by genetic analyses-HLA-B51 typing and Pathergy positive test and ophthalmic imaging-techniques such as OCT, OCT-A, FFA. Treatment of the condition is multidisciplinary with local and systemic corticosteroid therapy, conventional immunosuppressive drugs, and biological therapy. The aim of this paper is to present our experience in diagnosis and therapeutic modalities in patients with this disease.
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    Multicenter, Open-Label, Long-term Extension to Describe the Safety of Tocilizumab in Patients with Early, Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis
    (Science Publishing Group, 2020)
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    Antova, Dubravka
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    Kotevska Nikolova, Mimoza
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    Stojanovska, Anzhelika
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    АSSESSMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND OCCURRENCE OF VERTEBRAL FRACTURES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS TREATED WITH SMALL DOSES OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS
    (Институт за јавното здравје на Република Македонија = Institute of public health of the Republic of Macedonia, 2020-12-11)
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    Nikolovska-Kotevska, Mimoza
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    Karadzova-Stojanoska, Andzelika
    <jats:p>Osteoporosis (OP) is a serious extracorporeal manifestation that occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One of the risk factors is long-term use of glucocorticoids (GC). Osteoporosis together with the increased risk of vertebral (VF) and non-vertebral fractures (non-VF) in particular has a negative impact on quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of the study was to detect the occurrence of OP and VF in postmenopausal patients with RA and their association with long-term use of small doses of glucocorticoids. Material and methods: A total of 46 patients were analyzed. All respondents underwent imaging for osteoporosis evaluation with a DXA scanner (Lunar iDXA, GE) and VF with incorporated Vertebral Fracture Assessment (VFA). Results: The values of bone mineral densities (BMD) were significantly smaller in the group that received glucocorticoids. According to VFA, 37,0% of patients were registered to have a fracture of middle degree, a mild fracture was registered in 19.6% of patients, and severe fractures were registered in 3 patients (6.5%). Conclusion: In postmenopausal patients with RA receiving GC therapy, a more common occurrence of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures was reported compared with the remaining group of RA patients. All patients with RA in menopause need to be screened for timely detection and treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of its complications.</jats:p>