Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, VAGINAL MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION PROFILES IN WOMEN AT DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2024); ; ; The vaginal microbiome is a reproductive organ-specific association that harbors a unique collection of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. It plays a crucial role in woman`s reproductive wellbeing and prevention of urogenital diseases including bacterial vaginosis (BV), infections with opportunistic microorganisms, yeast infections, urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases. The composition of the vaginal microbiota undergoes significant changes during different stages of women's life cycle and is influenced by variations in sex hormone levels, physiological factors (e.g. the menstrual cycle and pregnancy) and individual lifestyle choices. Evidence shows that these various factors can influence the vaginal microbiome, potentially leading to an imbalance in the microbial community and genital infections. The aim of the present study was to compare the composition of vaginal microbiota in women at different life stages. A total of 2032 vaginal and cervical swab samples from women at different age, submitted for routine testing at the Institute for microbiology and parasitology were analyzed. Vaginal microbiota was evaluated by means of quantitative PCR in real time (Femoflor Screen, DNA-Technology).The results showed a dominance of lactobacilli in majority of the samples from the first two groups young women and women in reproductive years (72% and 69%, respectively), whilst a decrease of normocenosis was noted in women over 45 years (47%). Moderate dysbiosis was detected in 18% of both 15-25 yrs and 25-45 yrs age groups compared to 21% of the women of the > 45 yrs group. Severe dysbiosis prevailed among women of the >45 yrs group (32%) compared to 13% and 10% in the 15-25 yrs and 25-45 yrs age groups, accordingly. The results from this study provide comprehensive picture of our current knowledge of the composition and abundance of the microbiota of the female reproductive tract during different life phases. The tremendous importance of the microbiome for the reproductive health imply a necessity of future studies focused on providing more detailed information its composition and susceptibility to external influences. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Cranberry, a potential alternative treatment for urinary tract infections(Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2023); ; ; ; Radomir JovchevskiVaccinium macrocarpon is perennial plant traditionally used as an herbal medicine in treatment and prevention of UTIs. Although the mechanisms of action are not jet fully understood it is presumed that they involve interferation with bacterial adhesion and changes in bacterial morphology mainly attributed to the plants proanthocyanidins. C ranberry extracts (CE) standardized for different concentrations of proanthocyanidinnes (PACs), CE in combination with antibiotics (norfloxacin and vancomy cin) and antibiotics alone (only antibiotics) were investigated for their effect on different strains of uropathogenic E.coli, S. saprophyticus and E. faecalis . As a source of CE we used commercial herbal supplements containing only Vaccinium macrocarpon extract (37.5 mg PACs) or CE in combination with D - manoza (25, 3 mg PACs). We used bacterial strains isolated from out patients with UTI s reffered for routine urine examination at the Institute of microbiology and parasitology. Sensitivity of the pathogen s to CE (as monoagent or combined in herbal mix) was evaluated with disc diffusion method. Our results showed stronger effect of CE on the growth of E.coli compared to G ram - positive strain s . S. saprophyticus strains were more susceptible to the extract/herbal mixes compared to the enterococci which predominantly presented as recalcitrant to the inhibitory activity of cranberry/herbal mixes. The sample size of this study was small to draw definite conclusions but our results illuminate avenues for future re search of the potential of cranberry as an alternative treatment in patients with UTIs. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Distribution of Clostridioides difficile ribotypes isolated from patients in North Macedonia - Update(Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2023); ; As one of the major hospital pathogens Clostridioides difficile strains are constantly a subject of typing. PCR ribotyping is the standard molecular typing method for this bacteriumin Europe.The aim of this study wasto determine the distribution of C.difficileribotypes isolated from patients in North Macedonia.Eighty isolatesof C.difficile, isolated from the same number of patients`fecalsamples being sent to the Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology in Skopjein the periodfrom 2016to 2020in order to diagnose C.difficileinfection, were included.PCR ribotyping was performed by using primers and protocolsdescribed by Bidet. The final determination of the ribotypes was done by using the software BioNumerics.We determinedthe presence of 20 ribotypes. The most commonribotype was 001/072 represented with 32 (40%) isolates,followed by 014/020 represented with 10 (12,5%) isolates and ribotypes 002, 017 and 027 represented by 5 (6,2%) isolates each. All other ribotypes were represented by less than 4 isolates. Allribotype 001/072isolatesoriginated from patients of the “Mother Teresa”Clinical Center. Unlike in most of the European countries where the hypervirulent ribotype 027 is the dominant one, for a prolonged period of time001/072 has beenthe dominantC. difficileribotype isolated from patients in our country.Considering that most of the isolates of this ribotype hadoriginated from Surgicaland Internal DiseasesClinics in the “Mother Teresa” Clinical Center, we might assume that it is the endemic C. difficile strain there. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Connection between Chlamydia trachomatis and carcinoma(Medical Facilty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R Macedonia, 2019); ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Етиологија на инфекциите на долните дишни патишта во детската возраст и значењето на директниот микроскопски препарат во нивната дијагностика(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian Medical Association, 2003); ; ; ; Spasenovski, TrajceЦел на испитувањето е да е направи анализа на етиологијата на инфекции на долните дишни патишта (ДДП) кај деца според две различни микробиолошки испитувања: културелно и серолошко; да се компарираат микробиолошките наоди според етиолошкиот агенс (бактериски, вирусни, мешани) со наодите во директиот микроскопски препарат. Беа испитани трахеални аспирати (ТА) и крв од вкупно 118 деца со инфекции на ДДП од Клиниката за детски болести (ноември 2001-март 2002). ТА се испитуваа културелно и микроскопски (епителни клетки и леукоцити). Наодите беа групирани во 3 микроскопски категории: I (>25 ЛЕ, висока гнојност, <10 еп. кл. незначителна контаминација); II (>25 еп. кл. значителна контаминација; <10 ЛЕ ниска гнојност) и III (<10 ЛЕ, ниска гнојност, , <10 еп. кл. незначителна контаминација). Во серумот со Pneumo-slide тест се одредуваа ИгМ антитела на 4 атипични бактерии и 5 вируси. Со позитивен микробиолошки наод беа 109 деца. Докажани беа 243 микроорганизми (58 култивабилни бактерии, 29 атипични бактерии и 156 вируси) со најчеста застапеност на: S. pneumonia (29), M pneumonia (21), H influenzaе (17), C. burneti (7), ентеробактерии (8), Инфлуенца вирус Б (82) и Инфлуенца вирус А (74). Дваесет (18,3%) деца имаа бактериска инфекција, 38 (34,8%) вирусна а 51 (46,7%) мешана инфекција (бактериско/вирусна). Според директните микроскопски препарати, 46 (38,9%) ТА беа во I микроскопска категорија, 31 (26,2%) во II и 41 (34,7%) во III. Микроскопското испитување покажа дека бројот на децата со вирусни инфекции е поголем, 64 (58,7%) од оние со мешани 25 (23,0%). Бактериолошката (културелна+директен микроскопски препарат) и серолошката дијагностика е значајна за детекција на вистински етиолошки агенси на инфекции на ДДП (бактериски, вирусни), за одредување квалитет на примероците за обработка, за примена на соодветна антимикробна терапија.