Faculty of Medicine

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Author: search.filters.author.Djordjic, VisnjaStart date: 2020

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    Association Between Sub-National Regional Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Obesity in Five South-East European Countries: The WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative—COSI (2019)
    (MDPI AG, 2026-02-13)
    Musić Milanović, Sanja
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    Križan, Helena
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    Šlaus, Nika
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    Brađašević, Emanuel
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    Lang Morović, Maja
    Background/Objectives: This study focused on the sub-national regional heterogeneity in childhood obesity prevalence across five countries in south-east Europe and the correlation between this heterogeneity and socioeconomic differences. Previous studies have mainly observed national or cross-national data but this study used a sub-national regional approach that may be beneficial in the further investigation of childhood obesity. Methods: Nationally representative samples of children from Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia were selected using the COSI methodology and used to estimate regional childhood obesity prevalence values. The Sub-national Human Development Database provided data on the Sub-national Human Development Index (SHDI). The spatial autocorrelation analysis of childhood obesity prevalence in sub-national regions was performed and its association with sub-national human development was tested with an ordinary least squares regression model. Results: This study found statistically significant differences in childhood obesity prevalence across sub-national regions in Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia, while no such differences were observed in North Macedonia and Montenegro. There was moderate clustering in childhood obesity rates (Moran’s I = 0.337). The results indicated a significant negative association between SHDI and childhood obesity prevalence across the 48 regions (β = −66.63, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Future public health efforts should take into consideration regional differences in childhood obesity prevalence, and more targeted research is essential for understanding the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability on a sub-national level.
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    Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023-03-29)
    null, null
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    Mishra, Anu
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    Zhou, Bin
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    Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea
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    Bixby, Honor
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being<jats:sup>1–6</jats:sup>. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m<jats:sup>–2</jats:sup> in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p>
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    Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight
    (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2021-03-09)
    null, null
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    Iurilli, Maria LC
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    Zhou, Bin
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    Bennett, James E
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    Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M
    <jats:p>From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.</jats:p>
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