Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, Dermatoglyphic patterns in population of the R. of North Macedonia(Anatomischen Gesellschaft, 2025-09-26); ; ; ; Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of fingerprints from the hands and fingers, soles and toes. Dermatoglyphic study has been conducted in order to determine and analyze individual dermatoglyphic characters in healthy individuals with Macedonian and Albanian nationality. Some dermatoglyphic parameter on the 210 palm prints were read and classified. The prints were obtained from healthy individuals of Macedonian and Albanian ethnic origin. Palm prints were taken using Cummins and Midlo’s ink method .Dermatoglyphics were classified according Henry’s system. The results in our population study showed that UL>Wc>We>DL>A>RL on both hands in all participants, radial loops are present only on the second digit, index and double loops are most present as complex patterns. Formula for present triradii is a>t>b>d>c. The values for Atd angle are equal from 35˚-55˚.Most often found in hypothenar region are distal loops. In conclusion, a dermatoglyphic patterns on the hands and fingers in population in the R. of North Macedonia have been made. Normal variability of the dermatoglyphic patterns have been presented. The results provide new possibilities for further investigation of dermatoglyphics and their biological and genetic properties. Findings from our populational study can be compared with the results of other nationalities, as well as presenting a control group for comparison with dermatoglyphic patterns in many genetical disorders and different diseases. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, RENAL ARTERY VARIATIONS DETECTED BY CTA(Anatomischen Gesellschaft, 2025-09-26); ; ; ; This study aims to determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of renal artery variations using computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the abdominal aorta. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 37 CTA images of patients over 18 years of age. The scans were performed using a multidetector CT scanner (MDCT Siemens, 128-slice), and the images were analyzed with Vitrea® Advanced Visualization Software. Evaluated parameters included the origin, number and diameter of the renal arteries, presence of accessory arteries and the suprarenal and infrarenal segments of the aorta. Normal bilateral renal vascularization was observed in 91.9% of cases. Variations were detected in 5.41% (2 cases): one with unilateral and one with bilateral accessory renal arteries. No statistically significant association was found between sex and the presence of variations (p=0.51). Despite the limited sample size, renal artery variations were identified. Accessory renal arteries are a common anatomical variation with significant implications in clinical and surgical practice. Accurate preoperative identification using CTA is essential for optimal surgical planning, especially in urology and vascular surgery. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, THE ROLE OF МR SPECTROSCOPY AND CONTRAST ENHANCED MRI IN PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSIS(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2025-11-25); ; ; Bozhinovska, BiljanaIn patients with increased prostate-specific antigen, the next diagnostics tool is transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. The biopsy can cause pain, bleeding and infection. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp MRI) as non-invasive diagnostics tool is used as a triage test to avoid biopsy, as well as to improve the diagnostics. The aim of this study was to examine the value of MR spectroscopy and dynamic post-contrast series in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. This cohort prospective study included 100 patients from CGH “September 8th” with increased levels of PSA. The MRI equipment used was Siemens Essenza 1,5T with body coil. The results obtained by MR spectroscopy analysis were correlated with the post-contrast series, whereby by mapping suspicious areas, patients underwent biopsy according to the PIRADS (prostate imaging and reporting data system) classification. Of the 100 patients, 96 were biopsied according to the PIRADS (prostate imaging and reporting data system) classification. The MRI results and pathohistological findings were then compared. On MR postcontrast series, a malignant lesion was detected in 52% of patients, in 33% of patients the lesion was suspicious for malignancy. On MR spectroscopy, a choline+creatinine/citrate ratio of 0.8 to 2 indicating a possible malignant lesion was confirmed in 33% of patients, this ratio was greater than 2 in 33% of patients, indicating a lesion highly suspicious for malignancy. MR spectroscopy combined with contrast enhanced MRI is a powerful tool for non-invasive differentiation of benign prostatic hyperplastic nodule and prostatitis from a malignant nodule. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Origin of the right vertebral artery examined with CTA(Македонска академија на науките и уметностите, Одделение за медицински науки = Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Section of Medical Sciences/ Sciendo, 2025-12-06); ; ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Anatomy education and clinical practice: students’ views(Grupa Via Medica, 2025-10-16); ; ; ; Background and objectives: This study was aimed at evaluating students’ per spectives on the relevance of anatomy education to clinical practice throughout their studies at the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based investigation and took place at the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje at the University of “Ss Cyril and Methodius”, R. North Macedonia. The questionnaire form included demographics, five-point Likert items, and open-ended questions. Questionnaire data was collected from volunteer student participants, currently and not currently involved in anatomy education, consisting of 134 first-year and 87 fourth- and fifth-year students during March and April 2024. Results: Junior students agreed that their anatomy education helped them achieve some important goals for clinical practice, such as adopting and applying medical terminology and the ability to visualise a three-dimensional human body map. Senior students were less convinced that the structures and concepts acquired during anatomy education were relevant to clinical practice, or that they helped them acquire clinical knowledge and skills effectively, or to understand the principles of evidence-based medicine. Junior students and their senior colleagues disagreed as to whether anatomy education succeeded in developing their self-confidence, teamwork, and communication skills. Conclusions: Both groups of students had similar preferences and suggestions for redesigning anatomy courses to focus on essential elements that are functionally and clinically relevant. This can be achieved through traditional and modern teaching methods, small group work, and the establishment of learning outcomes within clinically relevant contexts. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for removal of sellar and parasellar brain lesions – advantages and limitations.(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2024-10-24); ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, PERICRANIAL-ONLAY CRANIOPLASTY TECHNIQUE – A CASE REPORT(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2024-10-24) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, EXPLOITING EMG SIGNALS FOR THE RECOGNITION OF FINGER FLEXIONS USING WAVELET TRANSFORM AND MACHINE LEARNING(Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, 2024-12-11); Electromyography (EMG) is a technique that measures and records electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle. EMG signals are biomedical signals that represent electrical currents generated in muscles during their contraction. EMG signals acquired from muscles require advanced methods for detection, decomposition, processing and classification. Various mathematical techniques have received extensive attention and one of the most popular is Wavelet transform. Wavelet transform is a mathematical tool for analyzing data where the signal values vary at different scales, such as in EMG signals, so it is widely used in EMG signal processing systems. This study explored the potential of applying wavelet transform to EMG signals, which were collected using two sensors placed on the forearms of eight subjects performing individual finger flexions. We experimented with various mother wavelets and decomposition levels to determine the most effective combination. After evaluating the results obtained from training models, we selected the Daubechies wavelet (db1) with a second level of decomposition as the optimal solution. To generate meaningful features from the wavelet coefficients, we extracted time-frequency domain features, which were then used as inputs for training and testing machine learning models. We employed five classification algorithms: K-nearest neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). By evaluating and comparing the performance of these algorithms, we demonstrated enhanced accuracy and robustness achieved by the combination of wavelet transform and feature extraction in EMG signal analysis. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Anthropometric indices: waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio cut-off percentiles to identify abdominal obesity in children from North Macedonia(Firenze University Press, 2024-09-04); ; ; ; Abdominal obesity (AO) has been associated with children’s risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. For this reason, this study aimed to provide gender-specific cut-off percentiles of anthropometric indices WC and WHR to identify AO in children aged 9 from North Macedonia. In this study, a total of 320 children aged 9 (160 boys and 160 girls) were investigated. We selected four parameters to measure (weight and height) and two circumferences (waist and hip) using a standard protocol. The following indices are taken into consideration Body-Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR). The percentile distribution of the tested parameters was done by gender. General obesity based on the BMI cut-off occurs at 5.63% in boys and 6.88 % in girls. Abdominal obesity across cut-off points WHR and WC-for age>=90th percentile occur at 11.88% and 6.26% in boys and 12.5 and 11.25% in girls respectively. Both the WHR and WC identify more children with abdominal obesity, but we note that more girls were classified as obese than boys. However, the anthropometric indices of WC and WHR, complement nutritional evaluation and are of great importance for the early detection of AO in our 9-year-old children. These findings support the need to use WC and WHR as strong predictors for AO in routine clinical practice. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Anatomical features and variations of the vertebrobasilar system(Firenze University Press, 2024-09-04); ; ; ; The posterior circulation of the brain constitutes the vertebrobasilar system and its branches, which are responsible for about 20% of the brain blood supply. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological characteristics of the vertebrobasilar system. We examined radiographs of 103 patients, 58 male and 45 females, age range from 25 - 82, mean age 58.4 years who had CT angiography undertaken for a variety of clinical reasons, performed as a part of their medical treatment at the University Institute for Radiology in Skopje, Macedonia. The left vertebral artery arose from the left subclavian artery in 94.17% and the right vertebral artery had origin from the right subclavian artery in 99.02%. Variable origin of the left vertebral artery from the aortic arch was noticed in 5.82% and in one patient (0.97%) we found atypical arisen of the right vertebral artery from the right common carotid artery. The diameter of the vertebral artery was 3.20 ± 0.74 mm on the right side and 3.33 ± 0.76 mm on the left side. The mean length of the basilar artery was 31.60 ± 5.1 mm (from 21.4 mm to 44.1 mm). The mean diameter of the basilar artery was 3.27 ± 0.52 mm (from 2.22 to 4.87 mm). Most of the SCA arise from the basilar artery as a single vessel. The most common variations of the SCA were duplication (frequency 1.94% on right and 0.97% on left) and origin from PCA (frequency 1.94% bilateral). In four patients (3.88%) we found fenestrations of posterior brain circulation, three fenestrations (2.91%) was on the basilar artery and one fenestration (0.97%) was on the vertebral artery. In one patient persistent trigeminal artery was found. A sound knowledge of vertebrobasilar system anatomy and variations is important during diagnostic, operative and endovascular procedures.