Faculty of Medicine

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    Relationship Between Azithromycin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Unvaccinated Patients With COVID-19 and Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins / Wolters Kluwer, 2023-07-14)
    Bergami, Maria
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    Manfrini, Olivia
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    Nava, Stefano
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    Caramori, Gaetano
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    Yoon, Jinsung
    Background Empiric antimicrobial therapy with azithromycin is highly used in patients admitted to the hospital with COVID‐19, despite prior research suggesting that azithromycin may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Methods and Results This study was conducted using data from the ISACS‐COVID‐19 (International Survey of Acute Coronavirus Syndromes‐COVID‐19) registry. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were eligible for inclusion. The study included 793 patients exposed to azithromycin within 24 hours from hospital admission and 2141 patients who received only standard care. The primary exposure was cardiovascular disease (CVD). Main outcome measures were 30‐day mortality and acute heart failure (AHF). Among 2934 patients, 1066 (36.4%) had preexisting CVD. A total of 617 (21.0%) died, and 253 (8.6%) had AHF. Azithromycin therapy was consistently associated with an increased risk of AHF in patients with preexisting CVD (risk ratio [RR], 1.48 [95% CI, 1.06–2.06]). Receiving azithromycin versus standard care was not significantly associated with death (RR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.69–1.28]). By contrast, we found significantly reduced odds of death (RR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.42–0.79]) and no significant increase in AHF (RR, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.75–2.04]) in patients without prior CVD. The relative risks of death from the 2 subgroups were significantly different from each other ( P interaction=0.01). Statistically significant association was observed between AHF and death (odds ratio, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.34–3.90]). Conclusions These findings suggest that azithromycin use in patients with COVID‐19 and prior history of CVD is significantly associated with an increased risk of AHF and all‐cause 30‐day mortality.
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    Nutrition, information and risk factors for development of cardiovascular diseases in a segment of high school youth in the Republic of Macedonia
    (Институт за јавно здравје на Република Македонија = Institute of public health of Republic of Macedonia, 2013)
    Mitrevska, Suzana
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    The findings so far about the increasing prevalence of risk factors for occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in particular, which are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, as well as the fact that atherosclerosis begins in childhood, points to the need of urgent preventive measures at an early age. Aim of the study: Assessment of the eating habits, awareness and knowledge of risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases among the high school population in RM. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was made in the period January – June 2011. The sample comprised of 347 respondents, students in the 4th year, aged 17-18 years, from a total of 9 high schools in RM. A structured questionnaire was prepared for the purpose of gathering the necessary data. The SPSS16.0 programme was used for statistical processing of the data. The following statistical methods were used: distribution of continuous variables, distribution of categorical variables; for testing the significance of the differences in the distribution of the obtained answers on the continuous variables, depending on the obtained distribution: t-test for independent samples. A statistical significance was determined as a p value <0.05. Results: The survey showed that the high school students in RM have poor eating habits, 57.6% eat fast food, 36.9% are overweight, 32.6% usually eat red meat and 29.4% eat processed meat several times a week, 36.6% eat fish only once a month, 57.1% are partially informed about the risk factors that lead to cardiovascular diseases etc. Conclusion: The partial information of the high school students on healthy nutrition and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases should motivate us to work harder on the health education in the schools.
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    Менопауза, липиден профил и кардиоваскуларни болести
    (MACEDONIAN ASSOCIATION OF ANATOMISTS AND MORPHOLOGISTS, 2008)
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    Pashoska, Milkica
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    Mishevska, Petranka