Faculty of Medicine

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    METASTATIC EXTRAOSSEOUS ACCUMULATION OF 99MTC-MDP IN A PATIENT WITH GIANT CELL TUMOR OF THE HUMERUS – A CASE REPORT
    (Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2024)
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    Todorova, Teodora
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    Proposed mechanisms for extraosseous 99mTc - MDP uptake are extracellular fluid expansion, enhanced regional vascularity and permeability, and elevated tissue calcium concentration. It can be due to nonmalignant causes, such as parathyroid adenoma, vitamin D intoxication or Paget disease or can be of malignant origin. Malignant conditions are sometimes associated with a life-threatening hypercalcemia and metastatic calcifications.
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    ESSR Consensus Document for Detection, Characterization, and Referral Pathway for Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of Bone
    (Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017-11)
    Lalam, Radhesh
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    Bloem, Johan L
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    Noebauer-Huhmann, Iris M
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    Wörtler, Klaus
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    Tagliafico, Alberto
    Benign bone tumors are rare but are more common than primary malignant bone tumors. The early accurate diagnosis and reliable differentiation of these rare benign tumors and tumor mimickers from the even rarer malignant tumors with subsequent appropriate treatment or watchful waiting is crucial for the clinical outcome. Bone tumors are often a source of diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. Thus this European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology consensus document is intended to help radiologists in their decision making and support discussion among clinicians who deal with patients with suspected or proven bone tumors. Evaluating these tumors starts with a patient history and physical examination. Radiography is the principal imaging modality and often can reliably diagnose a benign bone tumor by providing information about localization, matrix, aggressiveness, size, and (potential) multiplicity. In a significant number of cases, additional imaging is not necessary. Potentially malignant entities recognized by radiography should be referred for magnetic resonance imaging, which also serves as a preoperative local staging modality, with specific technical requirements. Indeterminate tumors, or tumors in which therapy depends on histology results, should be biopsied. For biopsy, we strongly recommend referral to a specialist regional sarcoma treatment center (RSTC), where a multidisciplinary tumor team, including a specialist pathologist, radiologist, and sarcoma surgeon, are involved. Additional staging modalities are entity specific and should be performed according to the recommendations of the RSTC.