Faculty of Medicine
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Item type:Publication, THE IMPACT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON GROWTH AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2024); ; ; ; Evaluation of sex-specific differences of anthropometric parameters as impact of growth and nutritional status in preschool children from Macedonian nationality. The study included a total of 200 healthy 5-5.99 years-old preschool children from Macedonian nationality. Twelve anthropometric parameters were measured, defining longitudinal, circular and transversal dimensionality of the skeleton using standard technique and instruments for measurement. The following indices were selected and calculated: weight-for –age; height-for-age and BMI. Skin –folds (triceps, scapula and thigh) were also measured. Sex-specific differences for almost all anthropometric parameters were detected, but they were not significant. Boys showed higher values than girls regarding height, weight but for BMI were not significant. Values at the 50th percentile in boys were 20 kg for BW, 113.2 cm for BH and 15.94 kg/m². The values of these parameters in girls were 20 kg for BW, 115.4 cm for BH and 15.64 for kg/m² for BMI. The values for skin fold for biceps were higher in boys (10.6. ± 3.9) instead of girls (9.7 ± 3.3). The results obtained can be used for criteria for assessment and detecting deviations in growth and nutritional status in preschool children. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, IMPACT OF SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ON SOMATOTYPE COMPONENTS IN ADOLESCENT POPULATION(Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, 2023-09); ; ; ; Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of socioeconomic factors on somatotype components in Macedonian adolescents at the age 11 to 18 years. Methods. The study included 2388 adolescents from four urban cities in R. North Macedonia, 1236 males and 1152 females. Participants were measured with standard equipment and measurement technique according to the International Biological Program. Ten anthropometric parameters were measured to assess the somatotype according to Heat–Carter somatotyping method. The examinees filled out the questionnaire with the data on socioeconomic status, parent’s education and employment. Results. There were significant differences for endomorph component in male adolescents between those with parents with high and low level of education. There were significant differences for mesomorph component in males related to parents educational level (p<0.05). Ectomorph component had a higher value in male adolescents when mother is with low educational level and when mother and father are unemployed. There were significant differences for endomorph component in female adolescents in relation to all socioeconomic factors except for employment status of the father; mesomorph and ectomorph component in females were related to parents educational level (p<0,05). Conclusion. Our study has shown that socioeconomic factors are related to somatotype components. Although genetic factor is the key factor for body constitution, when determining somatotype socioeconomic inequalities and sex should be considered. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ANTHROPOMETRICAL INDEXES AS NUTRITIONAL INDICATORS IN CHILDREN(EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ANATOMY (EACA), 2019); ; ; ; Introduction:. In order to prevent and reduce the increasing trend of obesity, anthropometric variables of growth and nutritional status in children have to be constantly monitored.The aim of our study was evaluation of sex-specific differences of anthropometrical indexes that were used as indicators for assessment of nutritional status in children aged 8. Examinees and methods: The study included 212 healthy children (106 boys, 106 girls) aged 8 from Macedonian nationality. With standard methodology (IBP) were taken following body measurements (body weight, height, mid upper arm circumferences-MUAC and skinfolds thickness triceps–SFTr and subscapular-SFSc), and according to standard formulas were calculated: weight-for-age (BW), height-for-age (BH), body mass index-for-age (BMI), mid upper arm circumferences-for age (MUAC), and skinfolds thicknes-for-age (SFTr and SFSc). Results: Results showed sex-specific differences in a large number of the examined anthropometrical parameters (BW, BH, BMI) in favour of the boys. On the other hand, skinfolds thickness (SFTr and SFSc) were significantly higher in girls. Values of the 50th percentile in boys were as follows:30 kg for BW,131 cm for BH, 17.3 kg/m2 for BMI, 18cm for MUAC, 5.5 mm for SFSc, and 8.6mm for SFTr. The values of these parameters in girls were: 29 kg for BW,129.2. cm for BH,16.8 kg/m2 for BMI, 18.5cm for MUAC, 6.9 mm for SFSc and 10.2 for SFTr. Conclusions: These results can be used as criteria for the assessment and detection of deviations in the nutritional status in children aged 8. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION OF ANTHROPOMETRICAL PARAMETERS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN(EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ANATOMY (EACA), 2019); ; ; ; Introduction Growth monitoring and promotion of optional growth are essential components of primary health care for children.The aim of this research is to present qualitative examination of anthropometrical parameters in preschool children and provide the information on the prevalence of different categories of growth and nutritional status during the childhood. Matherial and methods The study included 220 healthy preschool children (110 boys and 110 girls). Stature and body weight were measured, and the BMI value was calculated. Ten anthropometric parameters were measured such as body weight, body height, longitudinal and transversal diameters and skin folds for triceps and scapula. We used self-organizing maps for additional qualitative examination of the results. Results Values at the 50th percentile in our children from both nationalities for the weight-for-age index were 20 kg. The height-for-age index values corresponding to the 50th percentile showed slightly higher values in our female subjects 115.0 cm, and those in our male subjects was 110 cm. The values of 50th percentile of BMI in our females subjects was 15.7 kg/m², whereas in our males was 16.1 kg/m². The values of 50th percentile of BMI in our females subjects from muslims nationalities was 16.2 kg/m², whereas in males was 16.68 kg/m². Conclusion These results show that obesity prevention is recommended, and the detected values could be applied for evaluation of deviations in growth and nutritional status in preschool children. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES OF THE SOMATOTYPE IN MACEDONIAN ADOLESCENT POPULATION(EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ANATOMY (EACA), 2019); ; ; ; Introduction: Changes in somatotype in child and adolescent period of growth and development will contribute for better understanding of variations in body shape and composition in adult period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the somatotype in Macedonian adolescent population. Material and methods: This study included 895 adolescent students (475 males and 420 females) at the age of 15 to 18 years. Ten anthropometric parameters: body height, weight, elbow and knee diameter, triceps, subscapular, supraspinale and calf skinfold, arm and calf circumferences were measured to assess the somatotype according to Heat–Carter somatotyping method. For evaluation of somatotype software package Somatotype-Calculation and Analysis V1.1.Monte Goulding, Sweat Technologies, Mitchell Park, South Australia was used. Testing of sex and age-specific differences was done with analysis of variance. Differences for p <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: The results obtained shows a significant sex difference (p<0.05) for mesomorph component in all age groups and for ectomorph component at the age of 17 years in favor of males, and for endomorph component at the age of 15, 16 and 17 years in favor of females. In all age groups the most of females were more endomorphic ( balanced endomorph and mesomorphic endomorph). In males most of the participants belonged to mesomorph-endomorh and endomorphic mesomorph somatotype. Conclusions: We found sex differences of somatotypes in Macedonian adolescents 15 to 18-years old. The obtained values can be use in physic investigations for better understanding of changes in body composition between both sexes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ASSESMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS BASED ON ANTHROPOMETRICAL INDEXES IN CHILDREN AGED 6 FROM NORTH MACEDONIA(Antrophological Society of Serbia- Nis, 2021); ; ; ; Introduction and Aim: Anthropometry is sensitive, noninvasive and especially important for the assessment of the nutritional status based on anthropometrical indexes in children aged 6 from North Macedonia. Material and methods: We analysed 280 healthy children (140 boys, 140 girls) aged 6 of Macedonian nationality. Six parameters were measured and calculated the following indexes according to the standard formulas: weight-for-age (BW), height-for-age (BH), body mass index-for-age (BMI), mid-upper arm circumferences-for-age (MUAC), waist circumference-for-age (WH) and skinfolds thickness-for-age (SFTr and SFSc). Results: The results showed sex-specific differences in the examined parameters (BW, BH, BMI) in favour of the boys. In contrast, skinfolds thickness (SFTr and SFSc) were significantly higher in girls. The sex-specific difference for the circumferences proved to be insignificant. Values of the 50th percentile in boys were as follows: 24 kg for BW, 119.6 cm for BH, 16.52 kg/m2 for BMI, 17.2 cm for MUAC, 54 cm for WC, 5.2 mm for SFSc, and 8.2 for SFTr. The values in girls were: 22 kg for BW,118cm for BH,15.94 kg/m2 for BMI, 17.6cm for MUAC, 53 cm for WC, 5.8mm for SFSc and 9 for SFTr. Conclusions: These results can be useful as criteria for assessment and detection of deviations in the nutritional status in children aged 6. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH IN CHILDREN AGED 5 OF TWO NATIONALITIES(Antrophological Society of Serbia- Nis, 2021); ; ; ; Evaluation of sex-specific differences of anthropometric parameters as indicator of growth and nutritional status in preschool children, using self-organizing maps. The study included a total of 200 healthy 5-year-old preschool children of Macedonian and Albanian nationality. Twelve anthropometric parameters were measured, defining longitudinal, circular and transversal dimensionality of the skeleton using standard technique and instruments for measurement. The qualitative examination was detected with self-organizing maps. The following indices were selected and calculated: weight-for –age; height-for-age and BMI. Sex-specific differences for almost all anthropometric parameters were detected, but they were not significant. Girls showed higher values than boys regarding height and weight, but BMI values were not significant. The values at the 50th percentile in girls were 20 kg for BW, 115.4 cm for BH and 15.64 kg/m². The values of these parameters in boys were 20 kg for BW, 113.2.cm for BH and 15.94 for kg/m² for BMI. In Albanian nationality these parameters were higher in girls 20kg for BW, 110cm in BH and for BMI 16.28 for kg/m². In boys they were 20 kg, for BH 107.1 cm and for BMI 16.68 kg/m². The obtained results can be used for criteria in assessment and detecting deviations in growth and nutritional status in preschool children. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN MACEDONIAN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN, PREVALENCE AND PREVENTION(Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2022); ; ; ; Assessment of sex-specific differences of anthropometric parameters as indicator of growth and nutritional status in preschool children from Macedonia. The study included a total of 200 healthy preschool children from Macedonian nationality. Thirthteen anthropometric parameters were measured, defining longitudinal, circular and transversal dimensionality of the skeleton using standard technique and instruments for measurement. The following indices were selected and calculated: weight-for –age; height-for-age and BMI. Skin –folds (triceps, scapula, thigh) were also measured. Qualitative examinations were with self-organizing maps. Sex-specific differences for almost all anthropometric parameters were detected, but they were not significant. Girls showed higher values than boys regarding height and weight, but there were no significant differences concerning BMI. Values at the 50th percentile in girls were 20 kg for BW, 108.1 cm for BH and 16.82 kg/m² for BMI. The values of these parameters in boys were 19.75 kg for BW, 108.25 cm for BH and 16.24 for kg/m² for BMI. The values for triceps skin-fold were higher in boys than (13.0 ±3.0) than in girls (12.5 ±3.6). The results obtained can be used as criteria for assessment and detecting deviations in growth and nutritional status in preschool children. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES FOR ESTIMATING OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN FROM NORTH MACEDONIA(Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2021); ; ; Anthropometrics are a set of non-invasive, quantitative body measurements used to assess growth, development and health parameters. Waist circumference (WC) and waist -to-hip ratio (WHR) are the measurements most commonly used to estimate abdominal obesity while BMI used to determine general obesity. Our goal in this study was to find cut-off points of selected anthropometric indices for estimating overweight and obesity in school-aged children aged 6 to 8 years from North Macedonia. In this study, a total of 603 children (300 boys and 303 girls) were investigated. Anthropometric indicators were measured using a standard protocol. We selected four parameters to measure (weight, height,) and two circumferences (waist WC and hip HC). The following indices were taken into consideration: Body mass index (BMI), WC and waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR). Percentile distribution of the tested variables was done by age and sex. Some of anthropometric parameters have shown significant age- and sex-specific differences in favour of boys, with exception of WHR. The prevalence of overweight and obesity across BMI cut-off points was 16% in boys and 15, 1% in girls. Girls had the prevalence of abdominal obesity of 12 % WC and WHR 13,2%. Both cut-off points for the boys were 11% WC and 10% WHR. However, the Macedonian cut-off points for WC and WHR showed a slightly elevated prevalence of abdominal obesity among girls. These results and determination of BMI, WC, WHR cut-off values can be used for estimating overweight and obesity and consequences associated with it in school-aged children aged 6 to 8 years from North Macedonia. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Anthropometric parameters and indexes in 9 year-old-children from R. North Macedonia(Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2021-04-02); ; ; ; The aim of the study was the detection of sex-specific differences of anthropometric parameters and indexes that were used as indicators of growth and nutritional status in the 9-year-old-children from R.North Macedonia.The study included 280 healthy children aged 9 (140 boys, 140 girls) from R.North Macedonia. Fourteen anthropometric parameters were measured which define longitudinal, circular and transversal measures of skeleton using standard equipment and measurement technique. The following indicators were calculated: weight-for-age (BW), height-for-age (BH), BMI, mid-upper circumference-for-age (MUAC) and skinfolds thickness (scapula SFSc and triceps SFTr)-for-age.The results have shown significant sex-specific differences in favour of boys for the height, four transversal and three circular parameters, with exception of mid-upper-arm circumference and skinfolds that were apparently higer in girls. Values of the 50th percentile in boys were as follows: 33 kg for BW, 136 cm for BH and 17.65 kg/m2 for BMI, 19.8 cm for MUAC and for skinfolds: SFSc 8 mm and 12 mm for SFTr.The values of these parameters in girls were: 32 kg for BW, 135cm for BH and 17.47 kg/m 2 for BMI. 20.8 cm for MUAC and for SFSc 9.8 mm and 12.8 mm for SFTr .These results can be used as criteria for the assessment of the morphological characteristics and detection of deviations in the growth and nutritional status in children aged 9.