Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law
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Item type:Publication, ONLINE MEDIA IN NORTH MACEDONIA: LEGAL FRAMEWORK, CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES(IKSAD Publishing House, 2024)Online media in North Macedonia falls under the same legal framework as traditional media, with laws and regulations governing issues such as freedom of expression, defamation, hate speech, and privacy. The legal framework for online media in North Macedonia includes the Law on Media, which applies to both traditional and online media outlets. This law sets out regulations concerning the registration and operation of media outlets, as well as standards for journalistic ethics and professional conduct. Media outlets are indirectly regulated by multiple laws and regulations that intersect with other areas of law, such as telecommunications and information technology, copyright infringement, cybercrime, and the spread of misinformation or harmful content. However, online media in North Macedonia are not regulated and are subject to self-regulation. The need for strengthening self-regulation of online media has been stated in ethe EC Country Progress Report in the past few years. The global trend of receiving news by online media gives the digital environment the possibility to use algorithms in order to adjust the content to the viewers’ preferences but at the same time the online environment can be used for spreading disinformation. Online media in North Macedonia have become an unregulated space where disinformation has been spread very often for different purposes, and social networks have been used for the same purposes, too. One of the key challenges of the Macedonian media landscape is how ethical and professional principles that apply to traditional media could be also applied to the online media as a growing source of information for the public. The paper analyses the need for changess and development of a legal framework governing online media in North Macedonia in response to technological advancements, changes in societal norms, and international developments. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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Item type:Publication, What are the Benefits of Moot Court in Teaching?(Modernizing European Legal Education (MELE), 2023)Stojkovski, Ljupcho - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Приказ и коментар на пресудата Ел-Масри против Република Македонија(Justice Observers, 2020-04-22)Стојковски, Љупчо - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Country review on the setting of wages through collective bargaining in North Macedonia(International Labour Organization, Geneve, 2021) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Legal analysis on regulation and implementation of “telework” in the Macedonian labour legal context(International Labour Organization, Geneve, 2020) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Informal employment and undeclared work in the HORECA sector: Learning from North Macedonia(International Labour Organization, Geneve, 2023-09) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Судските реформи помеѓу европските стандарди и остатоците од социјалистичката правна традиција: Судската култура како клучен фактор за одржливоста на реформите(ЦЕНТАР ЗА СТРАТЕГИСКИ ИСТРАЖУВАЊА „КСЕНТЕ БОГОЕВ“ при МАКЕДОНСКАТА АКАДЕМИЈА НА НАУКИТЕ И УМЕТНОСТИТЕ, 2023)Preshova, DВо изминативе нешто повеќе од 30 години од независноста на државата, Северна Македонија помина низ бројни циклуси на реформи во судството кои воедно вклучуваа измена на Уставот, промена на законодавството, генерален реизбор и комплетна реорганизација на судството. Исходот од сите овие реформи се чини дека е далеку под очекувањата за остварување одржливи промени кои ќе обезбедат вистински независно и непристрасно судство. Константно се повторува од домашни и меѓународни фактори дека правната и институционалната рамка на државата е во голема мера усогласена со европските стандарди, но она што отсуствува е имплементацијата, односно соодветна институционална практика во примената на правните правила. Која е причината за ваквата состојба со судството? Која е причината за отсуство на соодветна имплементација? Во овој труд одговорот на овие прашања се лоцира преку еден поим кој ги поврзува формалните правила со неформалните практики, а тоа е судската култура. Најчесто судската култура се дефинира како вградените карактеристики на конкретниот правен систем од кои зависи начинот на кој се остварува и вреднува работата на судиите. Овие карактеристики можат да бидат од формална или неформална природа. Поради тоа увидот во судската култура обезбедува посоодветно дизајнирање и обмислување на судските реформи, што за жал често отсуствува. Имено фокусирањето исклучиво на промена на формалните правила, кој пристап го забележуваме и кај нас, без при тоа паралелно да се менува менталитетот и културата на судиите најчесто резултира со негативен исход. Поради тоа соодветната контекстуализација на судските реформи во Северна Македонија треба да оди преку прецизно мапирање на доминантните карактеристики на судската култура, особено оние кои се сметаат за остатоци од социјалистичката правна традиција и кои се одржуваат преку правничкото образование, иницијалната и континуирана обука на судиите и судската социјализација - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, From the Disconnect to the Detachment Problem of the EU Induced Judicial Reforms in the Western Balkans: The Case of the European Model of Judicial Self-governance(University of Oslo, Faculty of Law, 2022)Preshova, DReviewing and commenting on the role of the U.S. federal judiciary in shielding constitutional democracy Sujit Choudhry points out that partisan capture of the judiciary is probably a lesser concern compared to the indifference and self-interest of and within the judiciary. This represents another confirmation in the long line of arguments that the issue of judicial independence is not only a matter of structures and institutions but also of judicial culture, something that is frequently omitted in the approaches taken by the EU or international organizations. The Western Balkan countries provide an unambiguous case in which this has been clearly confirmed and where the issue of the (in)compatibility of the existing judicial culture, imbued with the remnants of the ‘socialist’ legal tradition, with judicial self-governance through strong judicial councils is raised. One of the main lines of criticism of EU’s approach towards the rule of law has been related to the so-called disconnect problem between membership obligations and accession conditions. While this problem is being addressed by the EU’s nascent internal rule of law policy another ‘disconnect’ is surfacing and gaining importance. This new ‘disconnect’ problem, or more accurately a detach problem, is perceived through the existing gap between the formal rules and informal practices, especially in the EU’s external rule of law policy. The assessment of the formal rules is frequently detached from their actual implementation which is heavily influenced by the informal practices. Taking the example of judicial (self)governance the detach problem could be encapsulated in the notion of separate but not independent judiciary. This notion demonstrates the result of introducing a model of judicial self-governance amidst a judicial culture which is not characterized by a culture of independence as one its central pillars. North Macedonia represents a paradigmatic case for the Western Balkans in this respect. It was the first country to initiate a large EU induced legislative reform already in 2005 by adopting a large package of constitutional amendments related to the judiciary. Despite the high level of alignment of the domestic legal framework with the European standards the implementation of these rules has neither brought an entrenchment of judicial independence nor created judges resilient to internal and external threats to their position and status. The dominant traits of the judicial culture seem to be rather intact and perpetuated firstly by the outdated formal legal education and judicial training as well as through the judicial socialization. This paper detects the main traits of the dominant judicial culture and how they are relate to the existing model of judicial governance. In a nutshell, judicial autonomy did not translate into judicial independence in North Macedonia since the introduction of new formal rules has not been accompanied by pertinent changes and transformation of the judicial culture. Thus, the introduction of judicial self-governance has led to a situation under which the judiciary is being separated but not independent from the other branches of power resulting in a lack of genuine judicial ownership over the process of judicial governance. Choudhry’s caveat on the threat to the judiciary posed by indifference and self-interest in the context of North Macedonia is translated into a judicial culture characterized by fear, apathy and clientelism. Such a conclusion is based above all on two examples: the election of judicial and lay members of the Judicial Council and the interesting case of a judicial clerk presiding over this body. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, MONITORING MINORITY RIGHTS TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES(Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade Academic Network for Cooperation in South East Europe, Belgrade Institute for Ethnic Studies, Ljubljana Belgrade, Ljubljana 2023, 2023)Chupeska, Ana