Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law

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Author: search.filters.author.Milena Apostolovska StepanoskaLanguage: search.filters.language.English

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    CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF MODERN EUROSCEPTICISM
    (Institute Of Economic Development And Social Researches Publications, 2024-08)
    Milena Apostolovska Stepanoska
    ;
    Hristina Runcheva Tasev
    Understanding euroscepticism goes beyond normative concerns about deepening European integration. It encompasses various aspects of political behavior, identities, public policies, democratic legitimacy, economy, ideology, and more. Euroscepticism is a complex and evolving phenomenon that lacks a universally accepted theoretical framework. Broadly, it denotes opposition to the European Union, whether in its entirety as a supranational entity or in its current structure, form, and political trajectory. Furthermore, euroscepticism manifests across the political spectrum, from left to right. Factors such as economic crises, fiscal policies, and the refugee crisis have intensified negative sentiments toward the EU among its populace. This environment has fostered the growth of eurosceptic parties and groups espousing populist and nationalist agendas. This study aims to delineate the contemporary dimensions of euroscepticism within the EU, following a review of the theoretical framework and essential conceptual clarifications related to euroscepticism. The results indicate that euroscepticism primarily revolves around concerns regarding sovereignty, identity, and the level of trust in national political systems. Additionally, euroscepticism correlates with the two significant crises that have challenged the EU and considerably tarnished its reputation: the economic crisis and the refugee crisis.
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    E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE MACEDONIAN CASE
    (Belgrade Business and Arts Academy of Applied Studies, 2022)
    Aneta Stojanovska-Stefanova
    ;
    Marija Magdincheva-Shopova
    ;
    Hristina Runcheva Tasev
    ;
    Milena Apostolovska Stepanoska
    Abstract: In general, coronavirus has changed the way individuals, companies and countries in general have functioned so far. The pandemic left consequences in almost all segments of social life, and the reduced turnover of companies was a motive for digitalization of services. Many companies and institutions that in the past weren’t providing services electronically began to use alternative ways to offer their products and services online. The paper will present the authors' research on online shopping made during the 2020 pandemic, and will provide an overview of the challenges facing ecommerce development and will offer adequate conclusions that may be applicable in the future. Macedonians, according to the official data available from the National Bank, in the first six months of 2020 made a turnover of 4.3 billion denars with payment cards in domestic online stores, which is an increase of 113% compared to the first six months of 2019. According to the official data, in June 2020 there were 1,223 virtual points of sale, i.e. eshops, which is an increase of 20% compared to December 2019. These data as well as the findings of the authors in their research confirm the basic hypothesis that the crisis caused by Covid-19 had a positive impact on the development of e-commerce in our country.
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    THE POTENTIAL OF ARTICLE 259 TFEU AS A TOOL FOR UPHOLDING THE MUTUAL TRUST IN THE EU
    (Faculty of Law Osijek, 2022-06)
    Hristina Runcheva Tasev
    ;
    Milena Apostolovska Stepanoska
    ;
    Leposava Ognjanoska
    The principle of mutual trust, whose fundamental importance is recognized by the CJEU, is not mentioned in the Treaties, but nonetheless, it plays an essential role for the EU integration process and has become a structural principle of the EU law. In addition to its role as a basis for a large set of EU rules in the areas such as the internal market and the area of freedom, security and justice, this principle is also closely related to the EU founding values including the rule of law. Having in mind that is not a “blind trust” but an assumption, it is applied through ensuring compliance with the Union law for which both the Member States and the European Commission share responsibility, inter alia, by means of the infringement procedure. Under Article 259 TFEU, Member States are also entitled to bring a direct action against another Member State for an alleged infringement of an obligation under the Treaties. How- ever, it is extremely rare for a Member State to take action upon the Article 259 TFEU and its potential remains untapped till now. This contribution aims to answer why do Member States are inactive in terms of invoking the infringement procedure. It argues that infringement procedure initiated by a Member State against another Member State should not be perceived as a violation of the mutual trust between them but as a tool to uphold the mutual trust and to protect the Union’s founding values, including the rule of law.