Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law

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Author: search.filters.author.Leposava OgnjanovskaHas files: Yes

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    THE POTENTIAL OF ARTICLE 259 TFEU AS A TOOL FOR UPHOLDING THE MUTUAL TRUST IN THE EU
    (University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek Faculty of Law Osijek, 2022)
    Milena Apostolovska Stepanoska
    ;
    Hristina Runcheva Tasev
    ;
    Leposava Ognjanovska
    T he principle of mutual trust, whose fundamental importance is recognized by the CJEU, is not mentioned in the Treaties, but nonetheless, it plays an essential role for the EU integration process and has become a structural principle of the EU law. In addition to its role as a basis for a large set of EU rules in the areas such as the internal market and the area of freedom, security and justice, this principle is also closely related to the EU founding values including the rule of law. Having in mind that is not a “blind trust” but an assumption, it is applied through ensuring compliance with the Union law for which both the Member States and the European Commission share responsibility, inter alia, by means of the infringement procedure. Under Article 259 TFEU, Member States are also entitled to bring a direct action against another Member State for an alleged infringement of an obligation under the Treaties. How ever, it is extremely rare for a Member State to take action upon the Article 259 TFEU and its potential remains untapped till now. T his contribution aims to answer why do Member States are inactive in terms of invoking the infringement procedure. It argues that infringement procedure initiated by a Member State against another Member State should not be perceived as a violation of the mutual trust be tween them but as a tool to uphold the mutual trust and to protect the Union’s founding values, including the rule of law.
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    Union based on the rule of law: the Court of Justice of the European Union and the (future of) European integration
    (Eastern Journal of European Studies, 2020-12)
    Milena Apostolovska Stepanoska
    ;
    Hristina Runcheva Tasev
    ;
    Leposava Ognjanovska
    The judicial contribution to the dynamic process of European Integration was especially important, as the Court of Justice of the EU, through its creative and extensive interpretation of the Treaties, became an important catalyst for the integration process. The next phase of the European integration seems to be the ‘integration through the rule of law’, as the further development of this process must be based on a secure and solid ground, reaffirming the Union as a community of values. Given its importance for the confidence of citizens in the Union and the effective delivery of policies, the rule of law is of central relevance to the future of Europe. The main aim of this paper is to examine the progressive and influential role of the CJEU regarding the integration process, as a starting premise for determining its potential as an actor in the process of overcoming the following challenges.
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    ДЕФИНИРАЊЕ НА УЛОГАТА НА ЕУ КАКО ГЛОБАЛЕН АКТЕР: ПРЕДИЗВИЦИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
    (Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Republic of North Macedonia Institute for Democracy “Societas Civilis”, Skopje, 2021-08)
    Milena Apostolovska Stepanoska
    ;
    Vasko Naumovski
    ;
    Leposava Ognjanovska
    Улогата и позицијата на Европската Унија како глобален актер на меѓународната сцена се базираат врз тезата дека креирањето на Унијата е со цел да се стави крај на геополитиката, чие вообичаено поимање се надоврзува на сфаќањето на динамичната моќ во меѓународните односи. ЕУ промовира нов концепт на безбедност заснован на меѓузависност и пренесен суверенитет на заеднички воспоставените институции. Одржувањето на мирот на европското тло било замислено да се одвива преку економска соработка на земјите-членки што понатаму би довела до нивна меѓусебна солидарност, што се предвидува и во Шумановата декларација од 1950 година. Либералниот светски поредок по Втората светска војна се темели на мултилатерализмот, како надворешна политика што ја практикуваат повеќе актери на меѓународната сцена, врз основа на доброволна и (во суштина) институционализирана соработка регулирана со норми и принципи кои важат (во голема мера) подеднакво за сите држави-учеснички, заради заедничко соочување со споделените проблеми и предизвици.1 Како продукт на мултилатерализмот, ЕУ повеќе децении наназад ја игнорираше „политиката на моќ“ и се концентрираше на економската интеграција2, иако причините за формирањето на овој sui generis конструкт на меѓународното право се примарно од безбедносно-сигурносен карактер. Во надворешните односи, ЕУ се перципира како „мека сила“ што ги промовира демократијата и основните права потпирајќи се на инструментите на „мека моќ“, како ефективна замена за воената моќ, односно безбедносната и одбранбена политика во однос на која земјите-членки се потпираа на водството на САД во рамките на Трансатлантскиот сојуз. Со Лисабонскиот договор, ЕУ стекна меѓународен правен субјективитет, така што може да ги остварува надлежностите во надворешната политика, вклучително и да учествува во работата на меѓународните организации, во границите на овластувањата што ѝ се пренесени од страна на земјите-членки.
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    THE RULE OF LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION’S WESTERN BALKANS ENLARGEMENT POLICY
    (Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Republic of North Macedonia Institute for Democracy “Societas Civilis”, Skopje, 2020-05)
    Milena Apostolovska Stepanoska
    ;
    Vasko Naumovski
    ;
    Leposava Ognjanovska
    The major project of European unifi cation that led to the creation of the European Union as a unique European construct was developed in a lengthy and multi-layered integration process. The creation and maintenance of peace and security in Europe after World War II is the raison d’être of this complex European integration process that was initiated with the foundation of the European Communities. The idea of peace was envisioned to be realised by means of economic integration of the member states, which would subsequently lead to mutual solidarity. The convergence of the member states’ economic policies implied the necessity to unify policies in other areas, too, which led to a spillover eff ect concerning integration beyond economy and a gradual development of political union as a following stage of integration. The European Union is actually the result of a unifi cation process based on certain values that set the ground for developing common policies to achieve common goals and realise common interests. In that context, the rule of law is recognised as one of the European Union’s basic values.1
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    INTERNATIONAL AND MACEDONIAN LEGAL TREATMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS OF REFUGEES
    (: Journal of Liberty and International Affairs | Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 2023-07-10)
    Milena Apostolovska Stepanoska
    ;
    Hristina Runcheva Tasev
    ;
    Leposava Ognjanovska
    This article aims to provide an overview of the legal framework protecting the right to education of refugees in North Macedonia. The right to education is one of the fundamental human rights guaranteed by many international legal instruments. International treaties are particularly strong on the universality of the right to education. In the first part of the paper, the authors examined various international legal instruments regarding the educational rights of refugees and immigrants. In the second part, the emphasis was placed on the Macedonian legal framework and public policies by examining the incorporation of the norms of international law into the domestic legal order by comparison. As part of the so-called Balkan route, North Macedonia has witnessed mixed migration flows from the Middle East through the Balkans on their way to Central and Western Europe in 2015-2016. Although it has been a transit country for most of the time, there are some asylum seekers whose educational rights were disregarded due to the existing gap between the legislation and implementation. The authors’ conclusion emphasizes the challenges that have to be tackled by different stakeholders in order to facilitate access to education for refugees entirely.