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    Clinical use of trabecular bone score for diagnosis of osteoporosis: a review
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2019-12)
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    Assessement of bone health in adults with cystic fibrosis in the Republic of North Macedonia
    (Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association/De Gruyter, 2022-11)
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    The term Cystic Fibrosis Bone Disease (CFBD) is used to describe low BMD and /or fragility fractures in CF patients. Objective: We decided to carry out a bone health screening of adult patients with CF in the Republic of North Macedonia and establish their current status. Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective study which comprised a sample of 30 individuals with CF above the age of 18, of the population of ~50 adults with CF in North Macedonia. The sex, age, height and weight (later converted to BMI kg/m2) were recorded, blood sample analysed for serum levels of calcium, free calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25(OH)D. We conducted an interview with all subjects regarding additional risk factors. All subjects underwent DXA scan, by measuring the BMD at the lumbar spine and proximal hip. Results: approximately half of the adults with CF have low BMD and about a quarter of them also have osteoporosis. 33,3% of the patients had history of fragility fractures, the mean BMI was lower than the recommended values, vitamin D deficiency was found in 60% and continuous use of glucocorticoids was recorded in 30% of the subjects. Conclusion: Our findings align with those of other studies. The most effective method for evaluating BMD in adult CF patients is DXA scanning and monitoring regularly.
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    PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH KNEE ARTHROSCOPY UNDER LOCAL ANESTHESIA AND SEDATION
    (Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, R.N. Macedonia, 2024-12-21)
    Andonovski, Аlan
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    Popovska, Danica
    Introduction: Knee arthroscopy can be performed under general, regional (spinal or epidural) or local anesthesia with different patients’ satisfaction after surgery. Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of satisfaction in patients after knee arthroscopy under local anesthesia. Patients and methods: The study included 52 patients where knee arthroscopy under local anesthesia was performed at the University Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery in Skopje, North Macedonia in the period from February 2021 to February 2022. The study did not include patients with allergy to the used drugs, infection at the portal sites of injection, any previous surgery to the knee, patients with chronic extensive synovitis or gross deformity of the knee (severe varus or valgus knee), as well as those with psychological problems, severe systemic disease, consumption of analgesics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within 24 h of surgery, bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy. Evaluation of patients’ satisfaction after surgery was done one to three months later by determining the level of satisfaction, pain during surgery, anesthesia-related postoperative complications and preference of this anesthetic technique in the future. Results: The majority of patients were either very satisfied (84.6%) or satisfied (9.6%) with local anesthesia for knee arthroscopy. Only 1.9% of them were not satisfied at all. Most of the patients reported no pain (80.8%) or mild pain (11.5%) during knee arthroscopy under local anesthesia. Only 1.9% of patients complained of strong or very strong pain during arthroscopy. Of all patients, 51 (98%) had no anesthesia-related problems after surgery except one patient who had redness, pain, swelling and blisters formation on the portal where local anesthetic and adrenaline were previously injected. Most of the patients (96%) reported that they would choose local anesthesia for knee arthroscopy again. Conclusion: Our study showed that most patients had no pain, were very satisfied and would choose local anesthesia for knee arthroscopy again.
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    Intracapsular and para- articular chondroma of knee: A report of four cases and review of the literature
    (Sciendo/De Gruyter, 2006-01)
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    Adamov, Aleksandar
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    Zafiroski, George
    Background. Intracapsular and para-articular chondroma is a rare variant of the extraskeletal chondromas. It arises from the capsule and/or the para-articular connective tissue of the large joints (mostly the knee) and is a result of cartilaginous metaplasia. In course of time these tumors ossify and this is where their second name comes from: Para-articular osteochondromas. According to Jaffe, not dependent on the degree of ossification of this tumor, there is one single entity in question. Cases report. We report four new cases of para-articular chondroma of the knee. On physical examination there was slow-growing solid mass in the knee and moderate pain, the radiological findings and CT scan show soft-tissue mass with variable amount of ossification, and on histological examination the presence of mature hyaline and connective cartilage was confirmed in all of the cases. Conclusions. The diagnosis of these benign tumors is made with correlation of clinical, radiological and histological features. The treatment of choice is surgical excision in toto.
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    Fractures in people with epilepsy: A nationwide population-based cohort study https://doi.org/10.1002/epi4.12776
    (Wiley, 2023-06-19)
    Babunovska, Marija
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    Jovanovski, Aleksandar
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    Boshkovski, Bojan
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    Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the age, gender, and site-specific prevalence of fractures in people with epilepsy (PWE) and matched general population comparators in a nationwide study in North Macedonia between 2015 and 2018.Methods: PWE and matched controls were selected through a systematic search of the electronic National Health System (eNHS). We determined the period prevalence (PP) of all site- specific fractures. We also calculated gender and age- specific incidence rate ratios (IRR) for various fractures. Odds ratios (ORs) and risk ratios(RR) were estimated for the number and type of ASM as well as comorbid conditions.Results: Out of 13 818 prevalent epilepsy cases, 6383 (46.2%) were females, and7435 (53.8%) were males. 109 PWE out of 1000 had at least one fracture during thestudy period and ~8 people out of 1000 in the general population. The most frequentsites in terms of PP both in PWE and controls, were fractures of the lower arm, hipand femur, and lower leg. Significant differences in PP for all fracture locationswere observed between PWE and controls (P < 0.001). The noticeable differences of ∼100 times higher PP were observed for fractures of the skull and jaw in PWE.IRR of any fracture in PWE was 272.84/10000 person-years; higher in the older age groups and among people who received >2 ASM. Fracture risk was increased with the use of >2 ASM (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.32-1.84 and RR: RR: 1.32). The presence of comorbidities also increased fractures risk (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.10-1.38).Significance: This population-based study depicts a higher fracture prevalence in PWE compared to the general population. A higher number of ASM and the presence of comorbidities increase the risk of fractures and targeted prevention might be needed in those subgroups of PWE
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    RESULTS FROM POST - MARKETING OBSERVATIONAL STUDY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY OF INTRAVENOUS IBANDRONIC ACID IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
    (SHMSHM - AAMD, 2020-12-23)
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    Stefanovska, Dushica
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    Our study was non interventional, observational, open, uncontrolled and prospective- retrospective study, multicentre and one branch - during 2009-2011 at secondary and tertiary medical level. 5 medical centres and two clinics from N. Macedonia were included. The study entered 611 pts, but finished 153 pts. 146 were bisphosphonate naive, 7 had previous received peroral bisphosphonate therapy. In our group of patients 36 side effects were registered in 31 patients. 35/36 appeared during first 7 days of application,15/36 did not appeared after first application, 28/36 were with mild intensity and 5 were with moderate intensity and 2 were SAERS. We analyzed review database (2009 to 2011), from the perspective of recent studies. And to point out, that DXA results, together with CMAJ guidelines and FRAX questionnaire, were not changed during last 10 years. Both of them (CMAJ and FRAX), together or without DXA, are solid foundation to begin antiresorbtive bisphosphonate therapy. DXA finding of osteoporosis, sex, and presence of one major or two minor risk factors was the basis of initiating the therapy. All of our patients were female. With the major risk factors 2,1 present in 129 (84%) from 153 patients. In 123 (80,09%) we have registered more than 1 minor risk factors (1,7). Intravenous bisphosphonate therapy, is still most useful steadily in the last decade. It is due to the simple dosing regimens, the adherence, excellent compliance and persistence accurate for certain group of patients. This therapy have few adverse effects.
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    SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL CENTRAL DEFICIENCY OF THE HAND (CLEFT HAND) IN AN ADULT PATIENT - CASE REPORT
    (Medical faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2022-01)
    Cleft hand is a congenital hand anomaly, which is characterized by the absence of one or more central digits (II, III and/or IV) of the hand and/or foot. The clinical appearance is very irregular, and treatment of cleft hand involves cosmetic and functional considerations. Due to the great clinical variability, the choice of the appropriate surgical procedure is difficult as there is no single surgical procedure to treat all cleft hands. We present a case of bilateral cleft hand in an adult male patient (24 years of age). The patient presented with cleft hand of both hands; the right hand more severely affected with missing middle metacarpal and finger, typical V cleft with wide interdigital space, normal first web space and incomplete syndactyly of IV-V finger. Since his main concern was the cosmetic appearance of the right hand and there was good function in the thumb and index finger, the logical choice was to close the central cleft and preserve the function he already had. Postoperatively, the patient gained useful grip with all fingers, a satisfactory range of motion and preserved useful pattern of pinch. The cosmetic appearance improved substantially, much to the patient’s satisfaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cleft hand in our country. For an adult patient to whom the aspect of cosmetic appearance is very important, surgery is indicated for cosmetic improvement, but care must be taken not to sacrifice the functionality of the hand.
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    Most common postoperative complications in the femoral neck fractures in young population
    (Medical faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2020-12)
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    Trajanovski A
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    Gavrilovski A
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    Conoccurence of extraskeletal osteosarcoma and undiagnosed Paget disease in a 49-year-old female
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-01)
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    Todorova, Teodora
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    Popovska, Danica
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    Angelovska, Tamara
    Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) represents a rare soft tissue entity, accounting for ⁓1% of all soft tissue malignancies. It is generally considered to have an even worse prognosis than bone osteosarcoma, therefore detailed investigations and proper treatment are required. ESOSs arising in the subcutaneous tissue are even rarer than the ones positioned in deep tissues, and they are considered to have far better outcomes. We present a case of a 49-year-old patient diagnosed with subcutaneous ESOS and Paget disease of the bone, which is not typical for the patient's age, considering that Paget disease of the bone tends to affect a population above 50 years. The coexistence of these two entities in a single patient and all their features make this case unique, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported.
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    MRI EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ENHANCED ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
    (Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2024-04)
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    Popovska, Danica
    Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) residual remnant preservation are used today as biologic therapies aimed at stimulating graft healing process after ACL reconstruction, but their synergism has not been established yet. The aim of our study was to investigate the combined influence of PRP and ACL remnant preservation on graft healing after ACL reconstruction and evaluate the results with MRI. Material and methods: The study included 52 patients (45 men and 7 women, mean age 28) divided into 2 groups: group I (control group)-28 patients in whom after the removal of ACL residual bundle, a standard single bundle ACL reconstruction was made, and group II (examined group)-24 patients in whom remnant preserving ACL reconstruction with addition of PRP was performed. The results were assessed 6 months after surgery by MRI evaluation of the graft healing process. Results: Patients in the examined group had more frequently a light hyperintense signal of the intra-articular part of the graft (75% vs. 35.7%, p=0.0046) and absence of synovial fluid at tunnel-graft interface (45.8% vs. 21.4%, p=0.06), average 0.98 cm 2 less surface of bone edema around the graft (p=0.009) than those from the control group. Conclusion: Combined use of PRP and ACL remnant preservation has a positive influence on graft healing after ACL reconstruction leading to faster ligamentization and osteoligamentous integration of the graft.