Simovski, Bojan

Preferred name

Simovski, Bojan

Official Name

Simovski, Bojan

Translated Name

Симовски, Бојан

Main Affiliation

Web Site

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zs2yiOAAAAAJ&hl=en

bokaco@gmail.com

bsimovski@sf.ukim.edu.mk

Scopus Author ID

57193015530

Researcher ID

C-5652-2017

Now showing 1 - 10 of 23

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Woody plant diversity in mosque courtyards: a comparative study of pre- and post-republic periods
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-09-29)
Yucedag, Cengiz
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Vergili, Oznur Kubra
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Mosque courtyards are important urban spaces from an environmental and cultural standpoint, yet little is known about their urban ecology. This study investigated the woody plant diversity in a total of 50 mosque courtyards in Burdur city centre, Türkiye, through an extensive field survey across pre- and post-republic periods. The investigation revealed a discernible shift towards greener and more meticulously designed mosque environments in the post-republic era, reflecting a growing awareness of the importance of creating visually appealing and environmentally sustainable spaces within religious institutions. A total of 34 families, 61 genera, and 103 species were determined and observed. Furthermore, the study highlighted the ecological importance of certain plant species, particularly emphasizing the resilience of Pinus brutia and P. nigra in mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change and urbanization. Additionally, there was a notable consistency in the woody plant preferences between pre- and post-republican mosques. The woody plants such as Prunus domestica, Cedrus deodara, Cupressus arizonica, Olea europea, Pinus brutia, Vitis vinifera, and Rosa sp. were most commonly found in both periods of mosques. However, the presence of non-native species raises pertinent questions regarding the balance between tradition preservation and global biodiversity embrace. To address this disparity and enhance biodiversity, the study suggests prioritizing native species in mosque landscaping. Overall, by elucidating the complex interplay between plant diversity, cultural heritage, and environmental stewardship, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of mosques’ role as integral components of urban landscapes and suggests avenues for enhancing their societal and ecological contributions.
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The fir as a destructor of the forest communities in the Republic of Macedonia
(2012-09-13)
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In the last 20-30 years in the forests in the Republic of Macedonia has been noted increasing presence of the fir. There are a number of factors that condition the spread of the fir, mainly the higher protection from the harmful effects of the anthropo-zoogenic factor, and changes in the environmental conditions. The spread of the fir is most intense in the zone of the beech forest region, but expansion is observed in the higher oak regions, too. This occurrence is a result of two main reasons: i) spread of the fir regarding natural regeneration; ii) spread of the fir by sowing fir seed in the beech and oak forest communities. The fir as a shade-tolerant species is the one which can survive and thrive as an understory of beech forests and it is capable to have a long time to rest awaiting the favourable moment for expansion in height. In the struggle for light in natural successive processes the fir manages to overcome the beech, which is confirmed by the fact that in high density beech forests the fir’s offspring successfully adapt to site conditions. Thus, it is evident the phytocoenological destructing role of the fir particularly in the beech forest communities in the Republic of Macedonia. In addition, the plant diversity in pure fir forests is poorer then in mixed fir forests. Confirmation of this finding are the data obtained from the management plans which shows the changing of the structure of the forests by composition and volume in favour of the fir.
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Woody plants of the National Park Mavrovo, Republic of Macedonia
(Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 2013-10-01)
The National Park Mavrovo situated in the North-Western part of the Republic of Macedonia range of three mountain massifs- Shar Planina, Korab and Bistra, with an area of about 73,000 ha. It is characterized by great floristic richness, in particular woody plants and forest communities. Part of this plant treasure has encountered in rare, endemic and Tertiary relic species. In the conducted field research mainly during the period 2009-2012 within the Park are determined 149 woody species, which is more than 45% of the Macedonian dendroflora. This represents the dendrofloral richness of the Park. In this paper originated from my MSc thesis are determined woody species as individuals, and within populations, i.e. as a part of the forest associations. Special significance is achieved with the discovery of some new finding sites of the species and dendrological phenomena. The results relate to ecological site characteristics of the dendroflora represented in the Park, and its bio-ecological specificity is expressed through a detailed data tables and charts.
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First Report of Verticillium Wilt on Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-Heaven) in North Macedonia caused by Verticillium dahliae
(American Phytopathological Society, 2025-03-17)
Halmschlager, Erhard
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Dauth, Benjamin
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Maschek, Oliver
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Voglmayr, Hermann
Tree-of-Heaven, a highly invasive species on all continents except Antarctica, is frequently found on the Balkan Peninsula. In 2019, Ailanthus altissima has been put on the "List of invasive alien species of Union concern"; thus, measures for eradication and control are mandatory in all EU member countries. Verticillium wilt of A. altissima, which has been reported in the USA (Schall and Davis 2009; Kasson et al. 2014; Rebbeck et al. 2013) and in Europe (Maschek and Halmschlager 2016; Moragrega et al. 2021) in the last decade, has already been successfully used for biological control of Ailanthus. In the course of an excursion of the international REUFIS meeting, young symptomatic A. altissima trees, exhibiting severe foliar wilt symptoms, brownish vascular discoloration, dieback, and premature death, were observed at two different sites in the southern part of Skopje, North Macedonia (Kluchka Sonchev: 41.973155N, 21.428846E; Vidikovec (Panorama): 41.977671N, 21.421135E) in June 2024. To identify the causal organism, 50-cm-long branch samples were taken from symptomatic A. altissima and cut into 5-cm pieces, surface sterilized by dipping into 96% ethanol for 1 min, and then breamed. After removing the bark, 23 (Kluchka Sonchev) and 8 (Vidikovec) tissue samples of about 5 mm in length were excised from discolored sapwood and placed onto 2% malt extract agar plates supplemented with 100 mg/l streptomycin sulphate. Plates were incubated at 22°C in the dark for 10 days. Fungal colonies emerged from all plated tissue samples of both sites, all of which were putatively identified as Verticillium dahliae Kleb. based on the abundant formation of microsclerotia and the hyaline, non-septate, cylindrical or ellipsoid conidia developing on verticillate conidiophores. Morphological identification was confirmed by DNA sequencing of two selected isolates (one from each site), using primers coding for ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) (Inderbitzin et al. 2011) and a BLAST search against the reference sequences of the type strain of V. dahliae PD322 (GenBank Accession No. NR_126124 (ITS) and HQ414624.1 (TEF)) at NCBI NLM, which revealed 100% homology (ITS1: 492 matching base pairs; TEF: 579 matching base pairs) between the type strain and the two North Macedonian isolates. Aligned sequences of both isolates (Vd-NM01, Vd-NM02) were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. PQ615325, PQ615358, PQ858706, PQ858707). To confirm pathogenicity, 10 two-year-old potted Ailanthus seedlings were stem-inoculated with a conidial suspension (1 x 107 spores/ml, 1 ml/tree) of V. dahliae isolate Vd-NM01 and 10 with isolate Vd-NM02 on September 12, 2024; 5 seedlings treated with sterile water and 3 untreated seedlings served as controls. Following maintenance in the greenhouse, all V. dahliae-inoculated trees developed wilting symptoms two to three weeks after inoculation and were completely defoliated or showed heavy wilting symptoms on October 31, 2024, whereas all 8 control trees remained asymptomatic or displayed minor wilting symptoms related to autumn senescence. V. dahliae was re-isolated from all treated trees, but no control tree, thus confirming Koch's postulates. Despite of the high disease severity on infected trees, natural V. dahliae infections will not allow efficient control of A. altissima without human intervention on these affected sites in North Macedonia, due to the low disease incidence (<5%) on both sites.
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The main function of plant design of parks and gardens
(Ss. Cyril and Methodius university in Skopje, Faculty of Forestry in Skopje, 2013-12)
Sandeva, Vaska
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Despot, Katerina
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Nikolov, Blagoj
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Gjenchevski, Daniel
The parks and gardens, and public open spaces can be used for passive and active recreation. Thus they differ in size, shape - form and function they perform. Strategic approach should be set to assess community needs and to plan an enrichment of the green system network. Environmental characteristics of plants play an essential role in the scale - spatial composition of parks and gardens. The positive impact of plants on air, soil and water is undeniable, and their positive effect on the microclimate is an invaluable asset to an urban environment. The enormous possibilities of the trees and shrubs to protect the architectural buildings and parks space of wind, noise, dust and harmful gases should not be understated. Parks are formed on existing parks, on formed and shaped surfaces as well on completely unformed surfaces. Beside the environmental factors, the parks provide to establish and preserve the natural environment. areas for sports and recreation are planed as part of the parks.
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The New Natural Distribution Area of Aspen (Populus tremula L.) Marginal Populations in Pasinler in the Erzurum Province, Turkey, and its Stand Characteristics
(Hrvatski Sumarski Institut (Croatian Forest Research), 2018-12-22)
Özel, Halil Barış
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Ayan, Sezgin
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Erpay, Serdar
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Background and Purpose: Genetic diversity is the basis for adaptation and survival of tree species under changing environmental conditions, representing the key issue of stability and productivity of forest ecosystems. This paper studies the marginal population characteristics and stand dynamics of aspen tree (Populus tremula L.) in natural, pure and mixed forest stands with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). These populations were observed on founding sites between Timarli Valley and Timan Plateau located in Pasinler in the Erzurum Province in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Three replicated sample sites were established according to a randomised block design with a spacing of approximately 200 m in altitude starting from 1,890 m, which is the natural distribution area of P. tremula, up to 2,460 m, above which this species can no longer thrive. Timarlı Valley, Pasinler Erzurum Province, which is the area of research, is located enroute to Timan Plateau, where Scots pines form the alpine tree line ranging up to 2,680 m a.s.l. Results: In this context, aspen trees in this region are the second closest tree species to the tree line after Scots pine, which are found in the subalpine and war zones. In addition, as a result of this study, it has been found out that this species, notwithstanding its natural area of occupancy across Turkey, could thrive up to 2,460 m in altitude and extent of occurrence. Conclusions: A new marginal natural population related to aspen has been found in Pasinler in the Erzurum Province, Turkey, which at the same time indicates that the timberline value in the vertical natural distribution of these species should be updated. Aspen trees, which as pioneer trees play a vital role in the rebuilding or restoring of the ecological balance in forests that over time become degraded because of excessive cutting of trees and erroneous silvicultural interventions should be used in the reclamation of broadleaved and mixed forests in a planned manner. Genetic resources that represent marginal and peripheral populations, both within and outside the natural distribution area, should be established and protected.
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Urban Dendroflora of the Macedonia Park in the City of Skopje, North Macedonia
(Udruga Futura, 2019-12-31)
Shotaroska, Martina
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Nikolovski, Tomcho
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Chonevska, Katerina
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Subject of research in this article is the urban dendroflora of the Macedonia Park, situated on about 50,000 m2 in the Macedonian capital city of Skopje, i.e., identification and presence of the recent woody plants. Thus, observed are morphological and ecological features of the woody plants and their current state in this urban environment. The investigation relates to a seven-year period (since the establishment of the Park in 2012 up to late 2019). After the field research and the inventorisation of the woody plants in the Park, 82 taxa were identified, represented in 1,318 individuals. Most represented tree species is the hybrid Platanus × hispanica Mill. ex Münchh. with 103 individuals (7.81% of the overall urban dendroflora). Most frequent tree including infraspecific taxa is Fraxinus excelsior L. (including F. e. ‘Globosa’, F. e. ‘Jaspidea’, and F. e. ‘Pendula’) with a total number of 146 individuals (11.08%). Concerning other growth form, the mini and small tree roses of hybrid Rosa Floribunda Group outnumber all ornamental woody species with 225 bushes (17.07%). Climbers are represented with 3 taxa (3.66% of identified taxa) in pergolas (Wisteria sinensis /Sims/ Sweet, Parthenocissus quinquefolia /L./ Planch.), and wire cage topiary (Hedera helix L.). Likewise, 87 individuals (6.60%) of 10 species (12.19%) occur as remnants of the greening in the past of which 3 species are used as a green core of a small sacral architecture: Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis (Mill.) Loudon (with 10 trees), Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (3), and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold (1). In general, the urban dendroflora is properly selected and used for greening, although certain species and individuals are withering (e.g. Betula pendula ‘Youngii’, Juniperus scopulorum ‘Skyrocket’, F. e. ‘Jaspidea’) or unsuitably used for avenue and in small alpine-like garden.
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Genetic diversity of the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Central Europe and the western part of the Balkan Peninsula and evidence of marron genotype introgression into wild populations
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2017-01-19)
Poljak, Igor
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Idžojtić, Marilena
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Šatović, Zlatko
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Ježić, Marin
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Ćurković-Perica, Mirna
The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a widely spread and important multipurpose tree species in the Mediterranean area, which has played an important role in human history. Natural events, such as glaciations, and human influence played significant roles in the distribution and genetic makeup of the sweet chestnut. In order to better understand how natural and human-mediated past events affected the current genetic diversity and structure of the sweet chestnut, we analysed populations from Central Europe and the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, utilizing ten polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. The study revealed the existence of three genetically and, to a large extent, geographically distinct and well-defined groups of sweet chestnut populations. Two not entirely separated groups of populations were detected in the northern part of the studied area and one in the southern. Our results indicate that the genetic structure of sweet chestnut populations in Central Europe and the western part of the Balkan Peninsula is the result of both natural colonization events and significant and lengthy human impact. Furthermore, it has been proven that the gene flow between cultivated/grafted trees’ and wild chestnut stands can influence their genetic structure. However, our results reveal that cultivated-to-wild introgression in the sweet chestnut is dependent on the close proximity of chestnut orchards and naturally occurring populations.
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The fir as a destructor of the forest communities in the Republic of Macedonia
(Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi, 2012)
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In the last 20-30 years in the forests in the Republic of Macedonia has been noted increasing presence of the fir. There are a number of factors that condition the spread of the fir, mainly the higher protection from the harmful effects of the anthropo-zoogenic factor, and changes in the environmental conditions. The spread of the fir is most intense in the zone of the beech forest region, but expansion is observed in the higher oak regions, too. This occurrence is a result of two main reasons: i) spread of the fir regarding natural regeneration; ii) spread of the fir by sowing fir seed in the beech and oak forest communities. The fir as a shade-tolerant species is the one which can survive and thrive as an understory of beech forests and it is capable to have a long time to rest awaiting the favourable moment for expansion in height. In the struggle for light in natural successive processes the fir manages to overcome the beech, which is confirmed by the fact that in high density beech forests the fir’s offspring successfully adapt to site conditions. Thus, it is evident the phytocoenological destructing role of the fir particularly in the beech forest communities in the Republic of Macedonia. In addition, the plant diversity in pure fir forests is poorer then in mixed fir forests. Confirmation of this finding are the data obtained from the management plans which shows the changing of the structure of the forests by composition and volume in favour of the fir.
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Ревитализација на опожарени шумски екосистеми преку природно обновување
(Македонско еколошко друштво, 2013)
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Шумските екосистеми се еден од најзначајните столбови на растителниот и животинскиот биодиверзитет, но нивната стабилност и одржливост често пати е загрозувана од различни биотски, антропогени или абиотски фактори. Во одредени случаи настанува и до целосно уништување на одреден шумски екосистем. Во таквите случаи многу чест и многу сериозен причинител се шумските пожари, кои за кусо време опожаруваат големи шумски површини и значително го нарушуваат или целосно уништуваат шумскиот екосистем. Сепак, способноста за природно обновување како карактеристика на шумската дендрофлора е значаен фактор за повторно воспоставување на шумска вегетација на опожарените шумски површини и целосна ревитализација на шумскиот екосистем. Целта на овој труд е да се утврдат основите природни сукцесивни процеси на шумската дрвенеста вегетација кои се појавуваат некоку години по силен шумски пожар од кој целосно е уништен шумскиот екосистем. Со проучувањето на појавата, развитокот, квалитативните и квантитативни карактеристики на единките од природната обнова се добиени податоци за можноста и успешноста на ревитализацијата на опожарениот шумски екосситем. За таа цел извршени се теренски истражувања преку директни мерења и проучувања на природната обнова со методот на пробни површини. Добиените резултати укажуваат на тоа дека опожарената шумска површина постепено се ревитализира, првенствено со пионерски видови од шумската дендрофлора, но за целосна ревитализација на шумскиот екосистем е потребен долг временски период. The forest ecosystems are one of the most important foundations of the biological diversity concerning flora and fauna, but forest’s natural balance and sustainability are often on impact and influence by wide spectra of biotic, anthropogenic or abiotic factors. In specific circumstances, some of the forest ecosystems can be totally destroyed. Namely, the wildfires, in particular forest fires can cause enormous consequences and devastating impact on forest ecosystems; for short period of time forest fires can burn large forest mass and make the forest ecosystem an erasure. Even so, the forest vegetation has a very important and essential ability- the dendrofloral capacity for natural regeneration, both vegetative and by seed, and for a period of time to re-establish and implicitly rehabilitate, i.e. to grew up and become a forest as it once was. The main purpose of this scientific paper is to determine and note the basic natural succession processes of the forest dynamics after forest fire, particularly the natural regeneration of the forest woody species. Thus, determination of the appearance, development, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the individuals in a natural regeneration process were made and the data base was analyzed to see the possibility and efficiency of the rehabilitation of the burned forest ecosystem. Therefore, field examinations were made using direct measurements and research of the presence of the natural regeneration; the method of the sample plats was used. The results indicate that burned forest area gradually and progressively regenerates, primarily with pioneer species of the forest dendroflora. After all, for complete rehabilitation of the forest ecosystem there is a need of a long period of time; eventually, the forest regenerates slowly, but assuredly.

Simovski, Bojan

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