Pejkovska Ilieva, Maja

Preferred name

Official Name

Pejkovska Ilieva, Maja

Translated Name

Маја Пејковска Илиева

Alternative Name

Pejkovska-Ilieva M

M. Pejkovska Ilieva

M. Pejkovska

Маја Пејковска-Илиева

Maja Pejkovska Ilieva

Maja Ilieva

M Pejkovska Ilieva

Main Affiliation

maja.pejkovska@medf.ukim.edu.mk

majapejkovska@yahoo.com

Scopus Author ID

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-3021

Now showing 1 - 10 of 22

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Rare concomitant myxoid and cystic degeneration of uterine leiomyoma: Case report
(Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), 2021)
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Paneva, Iva
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The uterine leiomyomas are monoclonal tumours of myometrial smooth muscle cells that are oestrogen dependent. A 43-year-old patient was referred by her gynaecologist under a suspected diagnosis of ovarian tumour. She complained of prolonged and profuse, regular menstrual bleeding that leaded to anaemia. The ultrasound examination showed a complex tumour mass with dimensions 68 x 85 mm, with several cystic formations fulfilled with clear fluid, which protrudes from the posterior wall of the uterus. Therefore, the diagnosis of leiomyoma with a cystic degeneration was considered preoperatively. In the case of cystic degeneration of the myoma, the ultrasound shows a combination of cystic and solid components with irregular shape and variable echogenicity. The ovarian malignancy should be ruled out in the presence of a large cystic mass with irregular septa and solid nodular parts filling the small pelvis. Ultrasound characteristics of degenerative myomas should always be considered, so as not to replace it with an ovarian mass, especially if it is subserosal and on the loop.
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Macrohematuria in SARS-COV-2 pregnant patient
(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2021)
Purrini, Rina
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Bejta, Albina
Covid-19 is a new virus and very little research has been done regarding it. Target organs of SARS-CoV-2 are not only the lungs and the heart but other organs as well. There has been a huge focus on the effect this novel virus has on the kidneys. This is proven by the presence of proteinuria, hematuria and acute kidney injury (AKI). This has been specifically noted in pregnant women, who are a target group for a more complex COVID19 disease than in the nonpregnant ones. We have reported a case of a COVID19 positive patient with a gemellar pregnancy complicated with macrohematuria because of transitory glomerular damage due to the virus infection. The patient delivered two healthy COVID19 negative newborns, while she continued treatment in the Clinic of Infectology. Pregnant women, without any previous kidney pathology are prone to kidney damage as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and should be closely monitored for the development of AKI in order to prevent it. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, macrohematuria, acidum uricum, kidney
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PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF TAUSSIG BING ANOMALY WITH COARCTATION OF THE AORTA - CASE REPORT
(SHMSHM - AAMD, 2025-09-09)
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Mirjana Kjaeva Pejkovska
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Pavle Dimchev
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Taussing Bing anomaly is a rare congenital heart malformation. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent a formidable global health challenge, frequently necessitating intricate surgical interventions, particularly in the vulnerable populations of neonates and infants. Among these, anomalies involving the great arteries and ventricular septal defects (VSDs) pose unique difficulties due to their complex anatomy and profound physiological impact on the developing cardiovascular system. We present a case of a fetal cardiac anomaly initially diagnosed as transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with subsequent identification of coarctation of the thoracic aorta (CoA). Post-termination autopsy confirmed Taussig Bing anomaly (TBA), a rare conotruncal malformation characterized by a double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (VSD) and malposition of the great arteries. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges in prenatal imaging and the importance of multidisciplinary evaluation in complex congenital heart disease (CHD).
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Connection between cytokines and complications derived from preeclampsia pregnancies
(ScopeMed Publishing, 2020-05)
Preeclampsia is a condition of multiorgan involvement that can cause severe complications for the mother’s health and endanger the intrauterine development of the fetus. Purpose: The purpose is to detect the risk of developing preeclampsia in the second trimester, by examining cytokines and closely monitoring the pregnancy for complications from preeclampsia, whether they are affected by the same cytokines. Material and methods A total of 100 patients were monitored in the second trimester between 14 and 20 weeks of gestation. Values of immune biomarkers of their serum were analyzed after obtaining anamnestic data and performing ultrasound examination. With the help of the ELISA methodology, cytokines were verified: TNF-a, IL-1a, IL-2, and IL-6 versus IL-4 and IL-10. Results Of the 100 patients examined, 21 patients developed clinical symptoms and were diagnosed with preeclampsia in the third trimester. The interaction of proinflammatory interleukins is in favour of a mutual increase, and a decrease in the values of antiinflammatory interleukins is a significant predictive parameter in the second trimester for the development of preeclampsia. The increase in IL-6 is the largest statistically significant variable in the prediction of preeclampsia. The correlation between IL-6 and pregnancy complications is also with statistical significance (p=0.012). Conclusion The impaired immune response can result in consequences such as multiple organic disorders that occur in the clinical preeclampsia syndrome and problems with fetal development. The benefit of analyzing cytokines is highly significant for early diagnose and prevention of further complications.
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CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA - DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND FAMILY PLANNING
(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2025-08)
Mirjana Kjaeva Pejkovska
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Introduction. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a rare structural and genetic disorder. Early diagnosis, proper treatment and expectance of the outcome in terms of future family planning are needed. Aim. To increase the awareness of early diagnosis and to present the current protocols for diagnosis, treatment and family planning if congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs, particularly in early childhood. Methods. For the purpose of this retrospective study, 20 mothers who gave birth to children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia were enrolled. They had been given questionnaires regarding the timing of their fetus’s diagnosis, the treatment that followed, and the frequency of this condition in their family. Before the treatment, parents of the patients signed a consent form. Their data were collected and analyzed in the period of two years. Results. Early diagnosis can be life saving because the baby needs to be intubated as soon as the mother gives birth. Some mothers had to plan their deliveries ahead in institutions with highly developed intensive care, with Discussion. Early diagnosis is of crucial importance for timely preparation and treatment of both mothers and babies. ECMO treatment, to provide the best treatment protocol for better quality of life for both mother and child. In the literature the need for sterilized conditions during the treatment is described because of the possible complication such as sepsis caused by healthcare-associated infections. Conclusion. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a condition for which awareness must be raised for proper diagnosis, treatment and family planning.
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INCIDENTAL STUMP DURING CESAREAN SECTION IN IVFEGG DONATION PREGNANCY: A CASE EMPHASIZING THE IMPERATIVE OF ROUTINE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MYOMAS
(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2024-12)
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Onur Dika
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Uterine myomas are commonly benign tumors of the female reproductive system. Although many are diagnosed preoperatively, some are incidentally discovered during obstetric surgery, such as the cesarean section. This case illustrates the necessity of routinely sending any excised uterine myoma for histopathological evaluation to determine its true biological potential and guide further management. We report the case of a 45-year-old primiparous woman (G1P0A1) with a history of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and egg donation, admitted at 37+4 weeks of gestation for elective cesarean section. The procedure was uncomplicated, yet multiple small intramural and subserous myomas were incidentally observed and excised. Histopathological analysis revealed a Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential (STUMP), characterized by areas of focal necrosis, mild cytologic atypia, and low mitotic activity-features straddling benign leiomyoma and malignant leiomyosarcoma designations. STUMP comprises a rare histologic category representing 0.3-0.9% of presumed fibroids, with unpredictable behavior. Recurrence rates vary from 7% to 36%, with occasional progression to leiomyosarcoma (median time to recurrence ~79 months) [1-5]. Because of this uncertain prognosis, we recommended followup imaging and multidisciplinary consultation. A postoperative MRI followed by hysterectomy revealed additional subserous leiomyomas and chronic granulomatous inflammation. Given the potential risk of progression, the patient underwent definitive hysterectomy with ovarian preservation. This case highlights the crucial role of histopathological evaluation in incidental uterine myomas. Even small lesions may harbor atypical or borderline features warranting close monitoring or definitive treatment. Early detection and accurate classification influence patient prognosis and enable timely surgical and therapeutic interventions. When STUMP is diagnosed, hysterectomy is often recommended as definitive management to reduce recurrence or malignant transformation risk.
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Uterine artery pulsatility index as a relevant parameter in the prediction of preeclampsia
(Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, 2020-03)
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Mirjana Kaeva Pejkovska
Preeclampsia is a clinical syndrome that occurs in 5-10% of pregnancies with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. According to ISUOG (International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology), the use of the uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) is an important sensitive method in predicting the risk of preeclampsia. This study is to emphasize the value of PI as a more relevant predictive parameter in the detection of preeclampsia in the second trimester compared to the presence of isolated uterine artery notch. For the above purpose, 96 patients were examined at the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Skopje, divided into 2 groups: study and control group. The study group consisted of 48 patients from 14 to 20 gestational weeks with present uterine artery notch, being the main inclusion criterion. The control group consisted of 48 pregnant patients at the same gestational age with absence of uterine artery notch. In the study group, 43.7% developed clinical syndrome of preeclampsia. The resistance index (RI) value was up to 0.73 and the predictive value of the RI was 57.1%. In patients who developed preeclampsia syndrome, the value of the PI above 1.75 was of much greater predictive value, with value of 71.4%. The sensitivity of these values was 88%, which is a reliable parameter. PI is a reliable parameter in detecting the risk of developing preeclampsia and an indicator of great clinical significance in the daily practice in perinatology.
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Postpartum Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor: A Case Report
(Austin Publishing Group, 2023-01-25)
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Akiku Kamberi, Elmedina
Granulosa Cell Tumors (GCTs) are extremely rare, sex cord-stromal tumors constituting only 1% to 2% of all ovarian malignancies. On the basis of age of onset and pathohistological characteristics, these tumors are subdivided into two distinct forms, the adult type (AGCT) and the juvenile type (JGCT), representing 95% and 5% of the tumors, respectively. Compared to the adult type, which is more common in the fifth decade, JGCT is rarely seen and the majority (90%) is reported in prepubertal individuals or those aged less than 30 years. We report an interesting case of a 24-years old woman with enormous ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the right ovary. Considering all the anamnestic data and ultrasound reports before and during the first pregnancy, where there has been no evidence for the presence of any tumor, we came to conclusion that the tumor grew rapidly during the first year since delivery. Maybe the tumor was present during the pregnancy or even before, but most probably it was not noticed because it small initial size or it was masked by the growing uterus at ultrasound. The first data for the tumor existence is 3 months before the surgical treatment.
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Perinatal complications and their association with maternal hypothyroidism
(Bulgarian Association of Young Surgeons (ScopeMed), 2022-05)
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Paneva, Iva
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Introduction. Hypothyroidism in pregnant patients is more often associated with pregnancy complications. It increases the risk of obesity, diabetes, and hypertensive disorders, and has an impact on perinatal outcomes. There is a greater risk of congenital hypothyroidism or so-called cretinism, manifested by growth restriction, mental retardation and other neurophysiological defects. Iodine supplementation and proper administration of thyroxine preparations in the first and second trimesters significantly reduce neurological abnormalities. Purpose. Evaluation of pregnancies in patients with hypothyroidism and its impact on perinatal complications. Material and methods. The patients with hypothyroidism were analyzed from the total deliveries at the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Skopje. Patients are divided into two study groups: study and control groups. The study group includes patients with hypothyroidism. The control group includes patients without hypothyroidism. Results. The likelihood of obesity was assessed, and during the third trimester, the likelihood of developing diabetes, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia as a single risk, was compared between the two groups. Patients with hypothyroidism are 3.49 times more likely to have obesity and 5.57 times higher risk of developing diabetes in pregnancy than those without hypothyroidism. The relative risk of developing gestational hypertension is 3.1 and OR 3.22 in patients with hypothyroidism, which means that 3.22 times more likely to develop gestational hypertension in this group. Preeclampsia develops in 2 patients (3.33%) with a relative risk of 2.07 and OR 2.11, or 2.11 times higher risk of developing preeclampsia in the hypothyroidism group. Conclusion. Early detection of thyroid disorders in a pregnant patient as well as in newborns postpartum allows for proper treatment of both mother and child, while uncontrolled hypothyroidism leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes and has fatal consequences.
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THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL OBESITY ON PREGNANCY – A REVIEW ARTICLE
(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2025-11)
Maternal obesity has been estimated as a global epidemic, affecting 40% of pregnant women in developed nations. The weight of females that are pregnant has become one of the most concerning points in the modern obstetrics. For this matter after consulting the most accurate literature from academic books in the field and from internet sources from the year 2020 until the year 2025 available on PubMed, Scopus, Data of Science, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia and others we have created a review article that takes in consideration the impact of maternal obesity on the pregnancy itself. Women may have been obese before becoming pregnant or they may have rapidly gained weight during pregnancy and the types of maternal obesity have their challenges for the pregnancy outcome. The maternal obesity must be carefully treated since it is directly responsible for the impact on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders, and various perinatal complications. By analyzing the types of maternal obesity and complications that occur during pregnancy we take care not only for the current health of the pregnant mothers and their babies but also of their future to take preventive measures, lifestyle changes and thus to improve their health and the health of their babies.

Pejkovska Ilieva, Maja

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