Dirjanska, Katarina
Preferred name
Dirjanska, Katarina
Official Name
Dirjanska, Katarina
Main Affiliation
Email
kdirjanska@yahoo.com
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Item type:Publication, Salivary Markers in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease(Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts/Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023-07-01); ; Aim of the study: To determine the possibility of using saliva as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for screening and monitoring kidney function. Methods: This study included 32 patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 20 healthy examinees for the control group. Saliva was collected using the spitting method, and on the same day blood was also drawn from the examinees to determine serum concentrations of urea and creatinine. The salivary values of uric acid, urea, creatinine and albumin were determined with a spectrophotometer, as well as the serum concentrations of urea and creatinine. Results: Our results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between salivary and serum levels of urea and creatinine in patients with CKD (Pearson's correlation coefficient for urea was r =0.6527, p = 0.000, while for creatinine it was r = 0.5486, p = 0.001). We detected a statistically significant positive correlation between the salivary levels of urea and the clinical stage of CKD (r = 0.4667, p = 0.007). We did not register a significant correlation between the salivary levels of creatinine and the clinical stage of CKD (r = 0.1643, p = 0.369). Conclusion: Salivary urea is a valid marker for determining kidney function and a potential salivary marker for screening and monitoring kidney function. Salivary creatinine can be used as a qualitative marker, only indicating the existence of a disease. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Bacterial Contamination of the Toothbrushes(2016-03); ; ; ; Toothbrushes are an environment for transfer of microbes, their retention and growth. The aim of the study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination of toothbrushes during everyday use in the periodontal healthy student population and to record the way of maintaining the toothbrush and the time and the reason for their replacement with new ones. The research included 20 students of both sexes, with a healthy periodontium, who filled out a special questionnaire and got a new toothbrush for everyday use in one month period. After the test period, toothbrushes were transported in sterile conditions at the Institute of Microbiology of the Medical Faculty in Skopje and further processed. The total number of bacteria in each plate was determined and larger colonies identified by the method of Gram and other biochemical tests. The microbiological findings showed a high contamination of the used toothbrushes at 100% of the analyzed samples, with a domination of coliform bacilli (Escherichia coli-40%, Klebsiella-25%, Enterobacter cloacae-5%, Serratia-15%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa -15%. Toothbrushes became highly contaminated after everyday use and can be carriers of microorganisms, increasing the risk of diseases caused by oral biofilm in healthy people.